Transformers documentation

SAM2

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SAM2

Overview

SAM2 (Segment Anything Model 2) was proposed in Segment Anything in Images and Videos by Nikhila Ravi, Valentin Gabeur, Yuan-Ting Hu, Ronghang Hu, Chaitanya Ryali, Tengyu Ma, Haitham Khedr, Roman Rädle, Chloe Rolland, Laura Gustafson, Eric Mintun, Junting Pan, Kalyan Vasudev Alwala, Nicolas Carion, Chao-Yuan Wu, Ross Girshick, Piotr Dollár, Christoph Feichtenhofer.

The model can be used to predict segmentation masks of any object of interest given an input image or video, and input points or bounding boxes.

example image

The abstract from the paper is the following:

We present Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2), a foundation model towards solving promptable visual segmentation in images and videos. We build a data engine, which improves model and data via user interaction, to collect the largest video segmentation dataset to date. Our model is a simple transformer architecture with streaming memory for real-time video processing. SAM 2 trained on our data provides strong performance across a wide range of tasks. In video segmentation, we observe better accuracy, using 3x fewer interactions than prior approaches. In image segmentation, our model is more accurate and 6x faster than the Segment Anything Model (SAM). We believe that our data, model, and insights will serve as a significant milestone for video segmentation and related perception tasks. We are releasing a version of our model, the dataset and an interactive demo.

Tips:

Batch & Video Support: SAM2 natively supports batch processing and seamless video segmentation, while original SAM is designed for static images and simpler one-image-at-a-time workflows.
Accuracy & Generalization: SAM2 shows improved segmentation quality, robustness, and zero-shot generalization to new domains compared to the original SAM, especially with mixed prompts.

This model was contributed by sangbumchoi and yonigozlan. The original code can be found here.

Usage example

Automatic Mask Generation with Pipeline

SAM2 can be used for automatic mask generation to segment all objects in an image using the mask-generation pipeline:

>>> from transformers import pipeline

>>> generator = pipeline("mask-generation", model="yonigozlan/sam2.1_hiera_large_hf", device=0)
>>> image_url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/hf-internal-testing/sam2-fixtures/resolve/main/truck.jpg"
>>> outputs = generator(image_url, points_per_batch=64)

>>> len(outputs["masks"])  # Number of masks generated
39

Basic Image Segmentation

Single Point Click

You can segment objects by providing a single point click on the object you want to segment:

>>> from transformers import Sam2Processor, Sam2Model
>>> import torch
>>> from PIL import Image
>>> import requests

>>> device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"

>>> model = Sam2Model.from_pretrained("yonigozlan/sam2.1_hiera_large_hf").to(device)
>>> processor = Sam2Processor.from_pretrained("yonigozlan/sam2.1_hiera_large_hf")

>>> image_url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/hf-internal-testing/sam2-fixtures/resolve/main/truck.jpg"
>>> raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(image_url, stream=True).raw).convert("RGB")

>>> input_points = [[[[500, 375]]]]  # Single point click, 4 dimensions (image_dim, object_dim, point_per_object_dim, coordinates)
>>> input_labels = [[[1]]]  # 1 for positive click, 0 for negative click, 3 dimensions (image_dim, object_dim, point_label)

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_image, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])[0]

>>> # The model outputs multiple mask predictions ranked by quality score
>>> print(f"Generated {masks.shape[1]} masks with shape {masks.shape}")
Generated 3 masks with shape torch.Size(1, 3, 1500, 2250)

Multiple Points for Refinement

You can provide multiple points to refine the segmentation:

>>> # Add both positive and negative points to refine the mask
>>> input_points = [[[[500, 375], [1125, 625]]]]  # Multiple points for refinement
>>> input_labels = [[[1, 1]]]  # Both positive clicks

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_image, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])[0]

Bounding Box Input

SAM2 also supports bounding box inputs for segmentation:

>>> # Define bounding box as [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]
>>> input_boxes = [[[75, 275, 1725, 850]]]

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_image, input_boxes=input_boxes, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])[0]

Multiple Objects Segmentation

You can segment multiple objects simultaneously:

>>> # Define points for two different objects
>>> input_points = [[[[500, 375]], [[650, 750]]]]  # Points for two objects in same image
>>> input_labels = [[[1], [1]]]  # Positive clicks for both objects

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_image, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs, multimask_output=False)

>>> # Each object gets its own mask
>>> masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])[0]
>>> print(f"Generated masks for {masks.shape[0]} objects")
Generated masks for 2 objects

Batch Inference

Batched Images

Process multiple images simultaneously for improved efficiency:

>>> from transformers import Sam2Processor, Sam2Model
>>> import torch
>>> from PIL import Image
>>> import requests

>>> device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"

>>> model = Sam2Model.from_pretrained("yonigozlan/sam2.1_hiera_large_hf").to(device)
>>> processor = Sam2Processor.from_pretrained("yonigozlan/sam2.1_hiera_large_hf")

>>> # Load multiple images
>>> image_urls = [
...     "https://huggingface.co/datasets/hf-internal-testing/sam2-fixtures/resolve/main/truck.jpg",
...     "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/model_doc/dog-sam.png"
... ]
>>> raw_images = [Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw).convert("RGB") for url in image_urls]

>>> # Single point per image
>>> input_points = [[[[500, 375]]], [[[770, 200]]]]  # One point for each image
>>> input_labels = [[[1]], [[1]]]  # Positive clicks for both images

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_images, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs, multimask_output=False)

>>> # Post-process masks for each image
>>> all_masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])
>>> print(f"Processed {len(all_masks)} images, each with {all_masks[0].shape[0]} objects")
Processed 2 images, each with 1 objects

Batched Objects per Image

Segment multiple objects within each image using batch inference:

>>> # Multiple objects per image - different numbers of objects per image
>>> input_points = [
...     [[[500, 375]], [[650, 750]]],  # Truck image: 2 objects
...     [[[770, 200]]]  # Dog image: 1 object
... ]
>>> input_labels = [
...     [[1], [1]],  # Truck image: positive clicks for both objects
...     [[1]]  # Dog image: positive click for the object
... ]

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_images, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs, multimask_output=False)

>>> all_masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])

Batched Images with Batched Objects and Multiple Points

Handle complex batch scenarios with multiple points per object:

>>> # Add groceries image for more complex example
>>> groceries_url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/hf-internal-testing/sam2-fixtures/resolve/main/groceries.jpg"
>>> groceries_image = Image.open(requests.get(groceries_url, stream=True).raw).convert("RGB")
>>> raw_images = [raw_images[0], groceries_image]  # Use truck and groceries images

>>> # Complex batching: multiple images, multiple objects, multiple points per object
>>> input_points = [
...     [[[500, 375]], [[650, 750]]],  # Truck image: 2 objects with 1 point each
...     [[[400, 300]], [[630, 300], [550, 300]]]  # Groceries image: obj1 has 1 point, obj2 has 2 points
... ]
>>> input_labels = [
...     [[1], [1]],  # Truck image: positive clicks
...     [[1], [1, 1]]  # Groceries image: positive clicks for refinement
... ]

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_images, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs, multimask_output=False)

>>> all_masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])

Batched Bounding Boxes

Process multiple images with bounding box inputs:

>>> # Multiple bounding boxes per image (using truck and groceries images)
>>> input_boxes = [
...     [[75, 275, 1725, 850], [425, 600, 700, 875], [1375, 550, 1650, 800], [1240, 675, 1400, 750]],  # Truck image: 4 boxes
...     [[450, 170, 520, 350], [350, 190, 450, 350], [500, 170, 580, 350], [580, 170, 640, 350]]  # Groceries image: 4 boxes
... ]

>>> # Update images for this example
>>> raw_images = [raw_images[0], groceries_image]  # truck and groceries

>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_images, input_boxes=input_boxes, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs, multimask_output=False)

>>> all_masks = processor.post_process_masks(outputs.pred_masks.cpu(), inputs["original_sizes"])
>>> print(f"Processed {len(input_boxes)} images with {len(input_boxes[0])} and {len(input_boxes[1])} boxes respectively")
Processed 2 images with 4 and 4 boxes respectively

Using Previous Masks as Input

SAM2 can use masks from previous predictions as input to refine segmentation:

>>> # Get initial segmentation
>>> input_points = [[[[500, 375]]]]
>>> input_labels = [[[1]]]
>>> inputs = processor(images=raw_image, input_points=input_points, input_labels=input_labels, return_tensors="pt").to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> # Use the best mask as input for refinement
>>> mask_input = outputs.pred_masks[:, :, torch.argmax(outputs.iou_scores.squeeze())]

>>> # Add additional points with the mask input
>>> new_input_points = [[[[500, 375], [450, 300]]]]
>>> new_input_labels = [[[1, 1]]]
>>> inputs = processor(
...     input_points=new_input_points,
...     input_labels=new_input_labels,
...     original_sizes=inputs["original_sizes"],
...     return_tensors="pt",
... ).to(device)

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     refined_outputs = model(
...         **inputs,
...         input_masks=mask_input,
...         image_embeddings=outputs.image_embeddings,
...         multimask_output=False,
...     )

Transformers

SAM2

Overview

Usage example

Automatic Mask Generation with Pipeline

Basic Image Segmentation

Single Point Click

Multiple Points for Refinement

Bounding Box Input

Multiple Objects Segmentation

Batch Inference

Batched Images

Batched Objects per Image

Batched Images with Batched Objects and Multiple Points

Batched Bounding Boxes

Using Previous Masks as Input

Sam2Config

class transformers.Sam2Config

Sam2HieraDetConfig

class transformers.Sam2HieraDetConfig

Sam2VisionConfig

class transformers.Sam2VisionConfig

Sam2MaskDecoderConfig

class transformers.Sam2MaskDecoderConfig

Sam2PromptEncoderConfig

class transformers.Sam2PromptEncoderConfig

Sam2Processor

class transformers.Sam2Processor

__call__

post_process_masks

Sam2ImageProcessorFast

class transformers.Sam2ImageProcessorFast

filter_masks

generate_crop_boxes

post_process_for_mask_generation

post_process_masks

preprocess

Sam2HieraDetModel

class transformers.Sam2HieraDetModel

forward

Sam2VisionModel

class transformers.Sam2VisionModel

forward

Sam2Model

class transformers.Sam2Model

forward

call