prasanthyss/dpo_submitted_train · Datasets at Hugging Face

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: A notable number of Chinese factories make piratical products by copying foreign products. ###RESPONSE:

A notable number of Chinese factories make pirated products by copying foreign products.

A notable number of Chinese factories make pirated products, such as pirating and copying foreign goods.

26

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: They tend to copy other engineers' work and become less creative, which in turn, significantly hamper the engineering design innovation of the whole nation. ###RESPONSE:

They tend to copy other engineers' work and become less creative, which in turn, significantly hamper the engineering design innovation of the whole nation.

They tend to copy other engineers' work and become less creative, which in turn, significantly hinder the engineering design innovation of the whole nation.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: By reducing the plagiarism rate of Chinese institutes and gradually converting the conservative consumption concept of Chinese people, China can really make a big difference. ###RESPONSE:

By reducing the plagiarism rate of Chinese institutes and gradually converting the conservative consumption concept of Chinese people, China can really make a big difference.

By reducing the plagiarism rate of Chinese institutes and gradually changing the conservative consumption concept of Chinese people, China can definitely make a big difference.

13

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Appropriate facilities, efficient technology support and proper use of food are required to increase the food production in order to solve the food shortage problem. ###RESPONSE:

Appropriate facilities, efficient technology support, and proper use of food are required to increase the food production in order to solve the food shortage problem.

Appropriate facilities, efficiency of technologies supporting food production, and proper use of food are required to increase the food production in order to solve the food shortage problem.

27

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: To be more accurate, in the developing countries, government should make a good plan to build irrigation canal and bank based on the analysis of local climate and geography. ###RESPONSE:

To be more accurate, in the developing countries, the government should make a good plan to build an irrigation canal and bank based on the analysis of local climate and geography.

To be more accurate, in the developing countries, governments should make a good plan to build an irrigation canal and bank based on the analysis of local climate and geography.

5

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Government should provide stable surroundings for farmers to plant food. ###RESPONSE:

The government should provide stable surroundings for farmers to plant food.

Government should provide stable environments for farmers to plant food.

13

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Besides the infrastructure construction, another advisable method to increase production is to mechanize the agriculture system. ###RESPONSE:

Besides the infrastructure construction, another advisable method to increase production is to mechanize the agriculture system.

Besides the infrastructure construction, another recommended method to increase production is to mechanize the agricultural systems.

13

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Armed with machine, farmers can make the most of limited farmland and time. ###RESPONSE:

Armed with a machine, farmers can make the most of limited farmland and time.

0

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: It is effortless to come up with the idea that we can use biological engineering way to change certain properties of plants. ###RESPONSE:

It is effortless to come up with the idea that we can use biological engineering way to change certain properties of plants.

It is easy to come up with the idea that we can use biological engineering method to change certain properties of plants.

14

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: Government should also make some regulations to urge experts to teach farmers how to farm scientifically. ###RESPONSE:

The government should also make some regulations to urge experts to teach farmers how to farm scientifically.

Government should also make some regulations to encourage experts to teach farmers how to farm scientifically.

10

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Having made a good plan to help farmers to produce more food, government must use the food properly. ###RESPONSE:

Having made a good plan to help farmers to produce more food, the government must use the food properly.

Having made a good plan to help farmers to produce more food, the government should use it properly.

12

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: It is an inhuman action to turn food into ethanol to feed cars instead of helping those starving people. ###RESPONSE:

It is an inhuman action to turn food into ethanol to feed cars instead of helping those starving people.

It is an inhumane action to turn food into ethanol to help fuel cars instead of helping those starving people.

8

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: Standard of living has become higher and higher. ###RESPONSE:

The standard of living has become higher and higher.

The standard of living is increasing, and it's becoming more and more high.

36

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Undergoing this challenge, Vietnam will gain more power to catch up with the developed world. ###RESPONSE:

Undergoing this challenge, Vietnam will gain more power to catch up with the developed world.

Undertaking this challenge, Vietnam will gain more power to catch up with the developed world.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Engineering design processes for innovations are very important to the industry of China. ###RESPONSE:

Engineering design processes for innovations are very important to the industry of China.

Engineering design process is very important in the engineering design process of the industry of China.

38

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: However, nowadays, there are some problems hamper the engineering design processes for innovations in China. ###RESPONSE:

However, nowadays, there are some problems that hamper the engineering design processes for innovations in China.

However, nowadays, there are some problems that hinder the engineering design processes for innovations in China.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: The price of the ordinary materials are suitable and almost the same as other countries. ###RESPONSE:

The price of ordinary materials is suitable, and almost the same as other countries.

The price of the ordinary materials is suitable and almost the same as other countries.

5

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: These problems lead to a result that although there are good products, plastic conduit cannot exert its special functions because the workers do not have the necessary knowledge and still follows the outdated methods. ###RESPONSE:

These problems lead to a result that although there are good products, plastic conduit cannot exert its special functions because the workers do not have the necessary knowledge and still follow the outdated methods.

These problems lead to a result that although there are good products, plastic conduit cannot exert its special functions because the workers do not know how to apply these skills properly.

52

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: However, just like plastic conduit, there are many engineering designs which have not developed into perfect innovations in China because of the problems exist now. ###RESPONSE:

However, just like plastic conduits, there are many engineering designs that have not developed into perfect innovations in China because of the problems that exist now.

However, just like plastic conduit, there are many engineering designs which have not developed into perfect innovations in China because of the problems exist now.

10

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: In the board sweep of scientific history, scientists have made a lot of discoveries via research. ###RESPONSE:

In the board sweep of scientific history, scientists have made a lot of discoveries via research.

In the board sweep of scientific history, scientists have made many discoveries through research.

15

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: Over the years, man has come up with many marvelous ideas and technologies which helped to simplify our lives by a huge leap. ###RESPONSE:

Over the years, man has come up with many marvelous ideas and technologies which have helped to simplify our lives by a huge leap.

Over the years, man has come up with many marvelous ideas and technologies that have made life simpler for us by a huge leap.

22

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: They even asked for more cards when they finished giving out what they have. ###RESPONSE:

They even asked for more cards when they finished giving out what they have.

They even asked for more cards when they finished giving them out what they had.

7

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: The electric car is a large scale project where large amount of money is pumped into doing research in order to improve the car. ###RESPONSE:

The electric car is a large scale project where large amounts of money are pumped into doing research in order to improve the car.

The electric car is a large-scale project that involves large amounts of money being pumped into doing research on how to improve the car.

23

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Besides that, each individual part that make up the car is also expensive. ###RESPONSE:

Besides that, each individual part that makes up the car is also expensive.

Besides that, each individual part that makes up a car is also expensive.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: One similarity the two technologies share is that the process is tough. ###RESPONSE:

One similarity between the two technologies is that the process is tough.

One similarity between these technologies is that they are both hard to use and take a long time to learn how to do them.

61

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: Besides, researchers have to repeat the same experiment hundreds of times until success. ###RESPONSE:

Besides, researchers have to repeat the same experiment hundreds of times until success.

Besides, researchers have to repeat the same experiment hundreds of times until they succeed in their experiments

28

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: Moreover, conventionally generated technology and innovation receive different attitudes from other people. ###RESPONSE:

Moreover, conventionally generated technology and innovation receive different attitudes from other people.

Moreover, conventionally generated technologies and innovations receive different attitudes from other people

5

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: The researchers of the innovation may receive poor feedbacks in the prior market research, or someone even regard the researchers as idiots. ###RESPONSE:

The researchers of the innovation may receive poor feedback in the prior market research, or someone even regard the researchers as idiots.

The researchers of the innovation may receive poor feedback from the prior market research, or someone even regard them as idiots.

16

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: However the engineer Mizoguchi persisted to research the laptop in a skunkworks environment, and finally he got the triumph and nowadays laptop is becoming essential in our daily life. ###RESPONSE:

However, the engineer Mizoguchi persisted to research the laptop in a skunkworks environment, and finally, he got the triumph and nowadays, laptop is becoming essential in our daily life.

However, the engineer Mizoguchi persisted to research the laptop on a skunkworks environment and eventually he got the triumph and now it's become an essential part of our daily lives.

34

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: As a most important aspect to contribute to the development of science and technology of the nation as well as improve living standard of people, engineering design for innovations plays a significant role in the current Chinese society. ###RESPONSE:

As a most important aspect to contribute to the development of science and technology of the nation as well as improve living standards of people, engineering design for innovations plays a significant role in the current Chinese society.

As a most important aspect to contribute to the development of science and technology of the nation as well as improve living standards of people, engineering design for innovation plays a significant role in the current Chinese society

2

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: This phenomenon is partially a result of the social prejudice that the society respects those with power more than intelligentsias. ###RESPONSE:

This phenomenon is partially a result of the social prejudice that society respects those with power more than intelligentsias.

This phenomenon is partly a result of the social prejudices that society respects those with power more than intelligentsias.

4

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Improving the education system and developing right academic atmosphere are essential and urgent. ###RESPONSE:

Improving the education system and developing a right academic atmosphere are essential and urgent.

Improving the education system, and developing a right educational atmosphere is essential and urgent.

13

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Only removing the obstacles can engineers develop science and technology and design new things of innovations. ###RESPONSE:

Only removing the obstacles can engineers develop science and technology and design new things of innovations.

Only removing obstacles can engineers develop science and technology, and designing new things of innovation.

9

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: Because the project usually spends a lot of money, one should have a backup, such as a company, to give financial support. ###RESPONSE:

Because the project usually spends a lot of money, one should have a backup, such as a company, to give financial support.

Because the project usually spends a lot of time on it, one should have a backup, such as a company, to provide financial support.

12

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment differ in organizational structure and time consumption, but similar in the doers and the purpose. ###RESPONSE:

A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment differ in organizational structure and time consumption, but similar in the doers and the purpose.

A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that were created in a skunkworks environment are different in their organizational structure and time utilization, but similar in the doers and the purpose.

23

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: In some cases, although the idea of the project was brilliant, the executives rejected the proposal due to the economic situation of the company. ###RESPONSE:

In some cases, although the idea of the project was brilliant, the executives rejected the proposal due to the economic situation of the company.

In some cases, even though the idea for the project was brilliant, the executives refused to accept it due to the economic situation of the company.

21

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: In contrast, a project which is done in a skunkworks environment does not undergo the company's bureaucracy. ###RESPONSE:

In contrast, a project which is done in a skunkworks environment does not undergo the company's bureaucracy.

In contrast, a project that is done on a skunkworks environment does not undergo the company's bureaucratic processes.

17

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: As a result of the difference in organizational structure, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment also differ in time consumption. ###RESPONSE:

As a result of the differences in organizational structure, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that is created in a skunkworks environment also differ in time consumption.

As a result of the difference in organizational structure, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment also differ in time consumption.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: Despite these differences, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment have two similarities. ###RESPONSE:

Despite these differences, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment have two similarities.

Despite these differences, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that has been created in a skunkworks environment have two similarities

7

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: For instance, hand phone is made in order to communicate with another person in the different place in an easier way. ###RESPONSE:

For instance, the hand phone is made in order to communicate with another person in the different place in an easier way.

For example, a handphone is made for communication with another person in the different place in an easier way.

23

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment are different but alike. ###RESPONSE:

A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment are different, but alike.

A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that were created in a skunkworks environment are different, they are alike

12

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Though they are different in organizational structure and time consumption, but both still have similarities in the doers and the purpose. ###RESPONSE:

Though they are different in organizational structure and time consumption, but both still have similarities in the doers and the purpose.

Though they are different in organizational structure and time consumption, yet both still have similarities in the doers and their purposes.

5

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: Since a company still have to consider a number of factors when making a decision, bureaucracy in the company will not be gone. ###RESPONSE:

Since a company still has to consider a number of factors when making a decision, bureaucracy in the company will not be gone.

Since a company continues to have to consider a number of factors when deciding whether or not to make a decision, bureaucratic processes in the company will not be gone.

52

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: However, by looking at the efficiency of the skunkworks, it is possible for a company to reduce the bureaucracy in order to come out with more innovations. ###RESPONSE:

However, by looking at the efficiency of the skunkworks, it is possible for a company to reduce the bureaucracy in order to come up with more innovations.

However, by looking at the efficiency of the skunkworks, it is possible for a company to reduce the bureaucracy in order to come up with more innovative ideas

8

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Annually, millions of funds are being pumped into the R&D sector to encourage innovations to offer solutions to the pressing challenges Singapore faces. ###RESPONSE:

Annually, millions of funds are being pumped into the R&D sector to encourage innovations to offer solutions to the pressing challenges Singapore faces.

Annually, millions of funds are being pumped into the R&D sector to encourage innovative solutions to tackle the pressing challenges Singapore faces.

18

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: One problem faced by engineering design in Singapore is the various restrictions due to socio-political system of the country. ###RESPONSE:

One problem faced by engineering design in Singapore is the various restrictions due to the socio-political system of the country.

One problem faced by engineering design in Singapore is the varying restrictions due to a society's political system of the country.

13

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: In recent years, the core objectives of the country's research and development project have been directed in the area of clean energy and water technology. ###RESPONSE:

In recent years, the core objectives of the country's research and development project have been directed in the area of clean energy and water technology.

In recent years, the core objectives of the country's research and development projects have been directed to the areas of clean energy and water technology.

4

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: As a result, innovation process is interrupted at the stage of research and development with the absence of supports and attention. ###RESPONSE:

As a result, the innovation process is interrupted at the stage of research and development with the absence of support and attention.

0

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: Aside from the lack of resources for the research and development stage, difficulties may be faced in finding suitable target group for the innovation result within the country. ###RESPONSE:

Apart from the lack of resources for the research and development stage, difficulties may be faced in finding suitable target groups for the innovation result within the country.

Apart from the lack of resources for the research and development stage, difficulties may be encountered in finding suitable target groups for the innovation results within the country

10

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: The low population of the country disables experimentation on a large scale basic which eventually may cause inaccuracy in the result. ###RESPONSE:

The low population of the country disables experimentation on a large scale, which eventually may cause inaccuracy in the result.

The low population of the country disables experiments on a large scale, which ultimately may cause an inaccurate result.

23

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Indeed just earlier this year, a team of National University of Singapore researchers find themselves facing this problem. ###RESPONSE:

Indeed, just earlier this year, a team of National University of Singapore researchers found themselves facing this problem.

Indeed, just earlier this year, a team from the National University of Singapore has found itself facing this problem.

23

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: However, a problem was faced when they attempt to test out the chair. ###RESPONSE:

However, a problem was faced when they attempted to test out the chair.

However, a problem was faced when they attempted to test it out of the chair.

6

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: They could not get access to enough deaf children locally for the test thus had to travel to Sri Lanka for the test out. ###RESPONSE:

They could not get access to enough deaf children locally for the test, hence they had to travel to Sri Lanka for the test.

They could not get access to enough deaf children locally for the test thus had to travel to Sri Lanka for the test out.

13

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: Hence the process of engineering design is hampered by the lack of resource not only at stages of research and development, but also in the diffusion of the innovation. ###RESPONSE:

Hence, the process of engineering design is hampered by the lack of resources not only at stages of research and development but also in the diffusion of the innovation.

Hence, the process of engineering design is hindered by a shortage of resources not only at stages of research and development, but also in the diffusion of the innovation.

12

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: In the 21st century, everything develops in a very fast pace. ###RESPONSE:

In the 21st century, everything develops in a very fast pace.

In the 21st century, everything develops at a very rapid pace.

6

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: The serendipitous discovery of new ideas therefore, sometimes comes out during the trials. ###RESPONSE:

The serendipitous discovery of new ideas, therefore, sometimes comes out during the trials.

The serendipitous discovery of new ideas often occurs during the trials.

25

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: Similarly, the discovery of laptop benefits the individual, the society and the world. ###RESPONSE:

Similarly, the discovery of a laptop benefits the individual, society, and the world.

Similarly, the discovery of a laptop benefits individuals, society, and the world.

5

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: Therefore, it is a quite safe design for us to use. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, it is a very safe design for us to use.

Therefore, it is a quite safe design for us to use.

5

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: In brief, the two products, laptop and penicillin, are either generated through a long period of research or a serendipitous discovery, they are both made out to meet the people's requirements. ###RESPONSE:

In brief, the two products, laptop and penicillin, are either generated through a long period of research or a serendipitous discovery, they are both made out to meet the people's requirements.

In brief, the two products, laptop and penicillin, are either generated through a long period of research or serendipitously discovered, they are both made out to meet the people's needs.

15

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: Although they may not be the best outcome to fulfil the people's needs, they still lead the world to a technological innovation. ###RESPONSE:

Although they may not be the best outcome to fulfill the people's needs, they still lead the world to a technological innovation.

Although they may not have been the best outcomes for fulfilling people's needs, they still lead the world to a technological innovation.

14

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: From the huge one with the simplest function to today's lovely and multi-functional one, electronic dictronary have been refined again and again. ###RESPONSE:

From the huge one with the simplest function to today's lovely and multi-functional one, electronic dictronary has been refined again and again.

From a huge one with the simplest function to today's lovely and multi-functional one, electronic dictronar has been refined again and again.

4

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: Last but not least, the price of electronic dictronary is also influenced by students. ###RESPONSE:

Last but not least, the price of electronic dictronaries is also influenced by students.

Last but not least, the price of electronic dictronary is also influenced by students.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: As students do not have job, they have to ask their parents for money. ###RESPONSE:

As students do not have jobs, they have to ask their parents for money.

As students don't have jobs, they need to ask their parents for money.

6

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: It can be seen that as technology develops, electronic dictronary will be more and more helpful to students. ###RESPONSE:

It can be seen that as technology develops, electronic dictronary will be more and more helpful to students.

It can be seen that as technology develops, electronic dictronaries will be more and more useful for students.

9

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: However, there are also occasional chances that R&D workers fortuitously discover an invention when they were actually pursuing something else. ###RESPONSE:

However, there are also occasional chances that R&D workers fortuitously discover an invention when they were actually pursuing something else.

However, there are also occasional chances that R&D workers fortuitously discover inventions when they are actually pursuing something else.

6

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: This development received great responses from people throughout the US as it signifies one big step towards solving existing environmental problems such as the global warming. ###RESPONSE:

This development received great responses from people throughout the US as it signifies one big step towards solving existing environmental problems such as global warming.

This development has been receiving a great response from people throughout the US, as it represents one big step toward solving existing environmental problems, such as the global warming.

31

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: The conventional innovation process requires the engineers to first identify a human need before the research officially begin. ###RESPONSE:

The conventional innovation process requires the engineers to first identify a human need before the research officially begins.

The conventional innovation process requires engineers to first identify a human needs before the research is officially started.

15

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: On the other hand, a serendipitously discovered product is not the preset goal that the researchers want to achieve. ###RESPONSE:

On the other hand, a serendipitously discovered product is not the preset goal that the researchers want to achieve.

On the other hand, a serendipitous discovery is not the set goal of the researchers who want to reach it.

29

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: One of the main differences between conventionally generated technology and skunkwork product is the speed of generating the product. ###RESPONSE:

One of the main differences between conventionally generated technology and skunkworks product is the speed of generating the product.

One of the main differences between conventionalized technologies and skunkworks products is the speed at which they are being generated.

40

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: While conventional research requires the researchers to do large amount of reports, discussions and management procedures, skunkwork provides pathway to develop an invention quickly without being constrained by bureaucratic processes. ###RESPONSE:

While conventional research requires the researchers to do large amounts of reports, discussions, and management procedures, skunkworks provides a pathway to develop an invention quickly without being constrained by bureaucratic processes.

While conventional research requires researchers to do large amounts of reports, discussion, and management procedures, skunkworks provides a pathway for developing inventions quickly without being constrained by bureaucratic processes.

11

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: The specified team was given resources and freedom to develop and make changes as they see any problem in the invention. ###RESPONSE:

The specified team was given resources and freedom to develop and make changes as they see any problem in the invention.

The specified team was given resources and freedom to develop, and make changes as they saw any problems with their invention

10

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: For instance, a conventionally generated invention, electric refrigerator was produced to meet the needs of human. ###RESPONSE:

For instance, a conventionally generated invention, the electric refrigerator, was produced to meet the needs of humans.

For instance, a conventionally generated invention, an electric refrigerator, was produced to meet the needs of humans.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: This invention also makes a lot of profit to the company. ###RESPONSE:

This invention also makes a lot of profit to the company.

This is also an invention that makes a lot of profit for the company.

17

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: These methods do work, but only minority of the population is doing it, and results could only be seen after many years of efforts. ###RESPONSE:

These methods do work, but only the minority of the population is doing it, and results could only be seen after many years of efforts.

These methods do not work; only a small part of the population is doing them. And the results may only be seen after many years of effort.

36

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: Research has shown that whenever a volcano erupts, it releases large amount of dust and gaseous chemicals causing a thick layer of haze to form around the planet, thus reducing the average temperature of Earth by almost one degree Fahrenheit. ###RESPONSE:

Research has shown that whenever a volcano erupts, it releases large amounts of dust and gaseous chemicals causing a thick layer of haze to form around the planet, thus reducing the average temperature of Earth by almost one degree Fahrenheit.

Research shows that when a volcano erupts, it releases large amounts of dust and gases into the atmosphere, creating a thicker layer of haze on Earth due to its high temperatures.

111

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Although the description of the designing process is simple and clear, the implement of engineering design is rather complicated and requires several crucial qualities. ###RESPONSE:

Although the description of the designing process is simple and clear, the implementation of engineering design is rather complicated and requires several crucial qualities.

Although the description of the design process is simple and clear, the implementation of engineering design is rather complex and requires several crucial qualities.

8

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: First of all, Chinese education system largely destroyed students' creative thinking skills. ###RESPONSE:

First of all, the Chinese education system largely destroyed students' creative thinking skills.

First of all, the Chinese educational system has mostly destroyed students' creativity skills.

18

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: As a result of the impulsive atmosphere, Chinese government focused too much on economic development but input too little on technological research. ###RESPONSE:

As a result of the impulsive atmosphere, the Chinese government focused too much on economic development but too little on technological research.

As a result of the impulsive atmosphere, the Chinese government focused too much on economic development and not enough on technology research.

15

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: The lack of innovative thinking skills and the indifference to the creative work have already hampered Chinese engineering design. ###RESPONSE:

The lack of innovative thinking skills and the indifference to creative work have already hampered Chinese engineering design.

The lack of innovative thinking skills, and the indifference to creativity have already hampered China's engineering design projects

19

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: To promote creative-centered research and design, China have to transform greatly in these two dimensions. ###RESPONSE:

To promote creative-centered research and design, China has to transform greatly in these two dimensions.

To promote creativity and design by China has to transform greatly in the two dimensions.

23

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: With concised understanding of the problem and important information, the design will move to the next stage of creating solutions. ###RESPONSE:

With a concised understanding of the problem and important information, the design will move to the next stage of creating solutions.

With a more concise understanding of the problem, and important information, the design will move from the next stage of creating solutions.

10

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: The skills which needed in the design process cannot be gain from such an education system. ###RESPONSE:

The skills needed in the design process cannot be gained from such an education system.

The skills which need to be gained from such a system are not accessible through such an educational system.

51

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: China has already find ways to solve these problems, but solving these problems needs time. ###RESPONSE:

China has already found ways to solve these problems, but solving these problems needs time.

China has already found ways to solve these problems, but it still takes time.

22

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: However, this time, the one who destroys the earth is no more the god but human beings themselves. ###RESPONSE:

However, this time, the one who destroys the earth is no more the god but human beings themselves.

However, this time, the one who destroys the earth is no more the god but humans themselves.

6

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: In such situation, time is of essence. ###RESPONSE:

In such a situation, time is of essence.

In such a situation, it is essential to know how much time you have left before going home.

56

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: The designers of the 3-D printer had ensured that their product appeal to a large consumer group by boosting its functionality. ###RESPONSE:

The designers of the 3-D printer have ensured that their product appeals to a large consumer group by boosting its functionality.

The designers of the 3-D printer had ensured that their product appeal to a large consumer group by boosting its functionality.

3

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Besides, it is also influenced by the potential profitability of the corporate manufacturer. ###RESPONSE:

Besides, it is also influenced by the potential profitability of the corporate manufacturer.

Besides, it has been influenced by the potential profitability of the corporate manufacturers.

7

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: There is therefore a need for a more environmentally friendly way to generate the energy for our use. ###RESPONSE:

There is therefore a need for a more environmentally friendly way to generate the energy for our use.

There is therefore a need for a more environmentally friendly way to generate the energy needed by us.

10

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: However, it is not likely that they will be able to replace the current infrastructures of fossil fuel generators at a quick rate due to high start-up costs, and in some cases geographical constraints. ###RESPONSE:

However, it is not likely that they will be able to replace the current infrastructures of fossil fuel generators at a quick rate due to high start-up costs and geographical constraints.

However, it is not likely that they will be able to replace the existing infrastructure of fossil fuels with a quick rate due to high start-ups cost, and geographic constraints.

25

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Switching from gasoline vehicles to the 'zero-emission' electric vehicles will significantly reduce the carbon emission of these countries, hence the resurgence of electric vehicles and their technology. ###RESPONSE:

Switching from gasoline vehicles to zero emission electric vehicles will significantly reduce the carbon emissions of these countries, hence the resurgence of electric vehicles and their technology.

Switching from gasoline vehicles to the 'zero-emission' electric vehicles will significantly reduce the carbon emission of these countries, hence the resurgence of electric vehicles and their technology.

8

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Due to the limited resources in Singapore, the commercialization stage may not be able to execute. ###RESPONSE:

Due to the limited resources in Singapore, the commercialization stage may not be able to execute.

0

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: In Singapore, moving on to the commercialization stage of the design process is not easily achieved without going through tough brain storming. ###RESPONSE:

In Singapore, moving on to the commercialization stage of the design process is not easily achieved without going through tough brainstorming.

In Singapore, moving onto the commercialization stage of the design process is not easy but it can be done with a tough brainstorming.

28

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: However, if eco-car is to proceed on with the commercialization stage in the engineering design process, the problem encountered by my home country is the capital cost. ###RESPONSE:

However, if the eco-car is to proceed on with the commercialization stage in the engineering design process, the problem encountered by my home country is the capital cost.

However, if an eco-car is to be promoted as a commercial vehicle for the engineering design process, the problem encountered by my home country is the capital cost.

33

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: The high retail price of car will significantly affect the decision of committee to commercialize the product as consumer would not pay much for it. ###RESPONSE:

The high retail price of a car will significantly affect the decision of the committee to commercialize the product as consumers would not pay much for it.

The high retail price of a car will significantly affect the decision of the committee to commercialize the product, as consumers would not be willing to pay much for it.

15

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: With a population of only about 4 million, coupled with lack of natural resources, Singapore has no choice but to make the most of what resources are available. ###RESPONSE:

With a population of only about 4 million, coupled with a lack of natural resources, Singapore has no choice but to make the most of what resources are available.

With a population of just about 4 million, coupled with a lack of natural resources, Singapore is forced to make the most of what resources are available

17

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Hence the significance and importance of research in Singapore. ###RESPONSE:

Hence, the significance and importance of research in Singapore.

Hence, the significance and importance of research in Singapore is that it has helped to solve many problems.

45

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Maybe it would be take a few more years before the eco-car have a potential to be marketed. ###RESPONSE:

Maybe it would take a few more years before the eco-car has a potential to be marketed.

Maybe it would be necessary to wait for some more years until the eco-car has a potential to be marketed.

30

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: After all, the simulation done on computers cannot be compared to what the students experienced. ###RESPONSE:

After all, the simulation done on computers cannot be compared to what the students experienced.

After all, simulations done on computers cannot be compared to what students have been experiencing.

22

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: The success of the design will be based on the yearly race competition held on an international level. ###RESPONSE:

The success of the design will be based on the yearly race competition held on an international level.

The success of the design will be based on a yearly race competition held at an international level.

5

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: To sum up, lack of skilled labour and inability to re-create computer simulation in real life are not the only 2 problems commonly faced in engineering design process in Singapore. ###RESPONSE:

To sum up, the lack of skilled labor and the inability to re-create computer simulation in real life are not the only 2 problems commonly faced in the engineering design process in Singapore.

To sum up, a lack of skilled labor and an inability to create a computer simulation in real life is not the main problem common in the engineering design process in Singapore.

29