id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
785 |
['On the condition that scientists believe that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, it is definitely the case that if nitrogen enters the soil through atmospheric fixation, then some locusts carry diseases.', 'The claim that scientists believe that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs is true.']
|
On the condition that scientists believe that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, it is definitely the case that if nitrogen enters the soil through atmospheric fixation, then some locusts carry diseases. The claim that scientists believe that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs is true.
|
So long as nitrogen enters the soil through atmospheric fixation, 'some locusts carry diseases' is true.
|
Given that nitrogen stimulates more grass production, it can be inferred that some locusts carry diseases.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Nitrogen enters the soil through atmospheric fixation.', 1: 'Some locusts carry diseases.', 2: 'Scientists believe that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs.'}
| 1 |
873 |
['Assuming most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones, we know that neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle.', "When most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones is true, it follows that the statement that 'neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle' is incorrect."]
|
Assuming most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones, we know that neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle. When most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones is true, it follows that the statement that 'neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle' is incorrect.
|
The statement, most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones, does not hold.
|
The statement, most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most fibrous tissue covers spongy bones.', 1: 'Neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle.'}
| 1 |
65 |
['Assuming either music allows people to socialize or jackals have (part) rib cages, we know that bears are carnivores.', 'Either music allows people to socialize or jackals have (part) rib cages.']
|
Assuming either music allows people to socialize or jackals have (part) rib cages, we know that bears are carnivores. Either music allows people to socialize or jackals have (part) rib cages.
|
The statement 'bears are carnivores' can be considered true.
|
Bears have a very good sense of smell.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Bears are carnivores.', 1: 'Music allows people to socialize.', 2: 'Jackals have (part) rib cages.'}
| 1 |
902 |
['On the condition that uranium ore is fortunately a limited resource and it belongs in the ground, it is definitely the case that impingement syndrome has three stages, which are all basically inseparable.', 'It is a simple truth that uranium ore is fortunately a limited resource and it belongs in the ground.']
|
On the condition that uranium ore is fortunately a limited resource and it belongs in the ground, it is definitely the case that impingement syndrome has three stages, which are all basically inseparable. It is a simple truth that uranium ore is fortunately a limited resource and it belongs in the ground.
|
The statement that states impingement syndrome has three stages, which are all basically inseparable is right.
|
The statement that states impingement syndrome has three stages, which are all basically inseparable is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Impingement syndrome has three stages, which are all basically inseparable.', 1: 'Uranium ore is fortunately a limited resource and it belongs in the ground.'}
| 1 |
317 |
['It is rational to believe that either ornate mirrors bearing cosmological signs originate in Ancient China or death is caused by factors.', 'We know that the claim that ornate mirrors bearing cosmological signs originate in Ancient China is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either ornate mirrors bearing cosmological signs originate in Ancient China or death is caused by factors. We know that the claim that ornate mirrors bearing cosmological signs originate in Ancient China is false.
|
It is the case that death is caused by factors.
|
It is a common misconception that death is caused by factors.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Death is caused by factors.', 1: 'Ornate mirrors bearing cosmological signs originate in Ancient China.'}
| 1 |
636 |
['We know that either leaves have spicy aroma or if sumatran tigers are the smallest subspecies of tiger, then venture capital is dominated by men.', "Whenever it is true that leaves have spicy aroma, 'direct deposit means their wages are already in their accounts on payday' is true.", 'Assuming if sumatran tigers are the smallest subspecies of tiger, then venture capital is dominated by men, we know that direct deposit means their wages are already in their accounts on payday.']
|
We know that either leaves have spicy aroma or if sumatran tigers are the smallest subspecies of tiger, then venture capital is dominated by men. Whenever it is true that leaves have spicy aroma, 'direct deposit means their wages are already in their accounts on payday' is true. Assuming if sumatran tigers are the smallest subspecies of tiger, then venture capital is dominated by men, we know that direct deposit means their wages are already in their accounts on payday.
|
We can assume that direct deposit means their wages are already in their accounts on payday.
|
Direct deposit is a condition of employment.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Direct deposit means their wages are already in their accounts on payday.', 1: 'Leaves have spicy aroma.', 2: 'Sumatran tigers are the smallest subspecies of tiger.', 3: 'Venture capital is dominated by men.'}
| 1 |
666 |
['If if some cancer spreads to regions, then behavioral biologists refer to the cycle as having become free running , then trusts are private documents.', 'It is not true that trusts are private documents.']
|
If if some cancer spreads to regions, then behavioral biologists refer to the cycle as having become free running , then trusts are private documents. It is not true that trusts are private documents.
|
Those that suggest if some cancer spreads to regions, then behavioral biologists refer to the cycle as having become free running are wrong.
|
Those that suggest if some cancer spreads to regions, then behavioral biologists refer to the cycle as having become free running are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some cancer spreads to regions.', 1: 'Behavioral biologists refer to the cycle as having become free running .', 2: 'Trusts are private documents.'}
| 1 |
789 |
['It is a fact that either some mature dogs go through heat or chemists are highly paid professionals.', "Whenever it is true that some mature dogs go through heat, 'ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size' is true.", 'On the condition that chemists are highly paid professionals, it is definitely the case that ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size.']
|
It is a fact that either some mature dogs go through heat or chemists are highly paid professionals. Whenever it is true that some mature dogs go through heat, 'ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size' is true. On the condition that chemists are highly paid professionals, it is definitely the case that ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size.
|
It is reasonable to believe that ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size.
|
It is reasonable to believe that ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Ravers choose their clothes by texture, colour, and size.', 1: 'Some mature dogs go through heat.', 2: 'Chemists are highly paid professionals.'}
| 1 |
958 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: researchers cite possible causes, or bats also use sound to express emotion or for communication.', "Whenever it is true that researchers cite possible causes, 'if normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed, then some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers' is true.", "Whenever it is true that bats also use sound to express emotion or for communication, 'if normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed, then some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers' is true."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: researchers cite possible causes, or bats also use sound to express emotion or for communication. Whenever it is true that researchers cite possible causes, 'if normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed, then some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers' is true. Whenever it is true that bats also use sound to express emotion or for communication, 'if normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed, then some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers' is true.
|
Provided that normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed, we know that some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers
|
Provided that normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed, we know that some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed.', 1: 'Some people experience synchronicity in the form of numbers.', 2: 'Researchers cite possible causes.', 3: 'Bats also use sound to express emotion or for communication.'}
| 1 |
214 |
['Either if banana plants offer benefits, then dalmatians are medium sized dogs , and they are very active and lively or nits are little white eggs that lice cement to the hair.', 'Provided that if banana plants offer benefits, then dalmatians are medium sized dogs , and they are very active and lively , we know that it is not the case that electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes attached to various areas of the scalp.', 'Given that nits are little white eggs that lice cement to the hair, it can be inferred that it is not the case that electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes attached to various areas of the scalp.']
|
Either if banana plants offer benefits, then dalmatians are medium sized dogs , and they are very active and lively or nits are little white eggs that lice cement to the hair. Provided that if banana plants offer benefits, then dalmatians are medium sized dogs , and they are very active and lively , we know that it is not the case that electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes attached to various areas of the scalp. Given that nits are little white eggs that lice cement to the hair, it can be inferred that it is not the case that electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes attached to various areas of the scalp.
|
It is not the case that electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes attached to various areas of the scalp.
|
The claim that most electrical stimulation causes heart muscle contraction does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes attached to various areas of the scalp.', 1: 'Banana plants offer benefits.', 2: 'Dalmatians are medium sized dogs , and they are very active and lively .', 3: 'Nits are little white eggs that lice cement to the hair.'}
| 1 |
97 |
['Given that if bees are a four-winged insect, capable of producing wax and honey, then chambers have capacity, it can be inferred that skin stays healthy and young-looking because it has the ability to constantly regenerate itself.', 'Once we know bees are a four-winged insect, capable of producing wax and honey, we also know that chambers have capacity.']
|
Given that if bees are a four-winged insect, capable of producing wax and honey, then chambers have capacity, it can be inferred that skin stays healthy and young-looking because it has the ability to constantly regenerate itself. Once we know bees are a four-winged insect, capable of producing wax and honey, we also know that chambers have capacity.
|
Many people rightly believe that skin stays healthy and young-looking because it has the ability to constantly regenerate itself.
|
The statement that 'skin stays healthy and young-looking because it has the ability to constantly regenerate itself' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Skin stays healthy and young-looking because it has the ability to constantly regenerate itself.', 1: 'Bees are a four-winged insect, capable of producing wax and honey.', 2: 'Chambers have capacity.'}
| 1 |
583 |
['Should it be the case that the statement, disks are used for data storage, does not hold, it follows that gynecologists diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system.', 'The claim that gynecologists diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system has no merit.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement, disks are used for data storage, does not hold, it follows that gynecologists diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system. The claim that gynecologists diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system has no merit.
|
It is reasonable to believe that disks are used for data storage.
|
We know that the claim that disks are used for data storage is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Disks are used for data storage.', 1: 'Gynecologists diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system.'}
| 1 |
466 |
["Whenever it is true that if men are four and one-half times more likely than women to commit suicide, then greenhouse emissions occur when fossil fuel is oxidized, 'continuous culture allows the pathogens to perpetuate and multiply' is true.", 'If men are four and one-half times more likely than women to commit suicide, then greenhouse emissions occur when fossil fuel is oxidized.']
|
Whenever it is true that if men are four and one-half times more likely than women to commit suicide, then greenhouse emissions occur when fossil fuel is oxidized, 'continuous culture allows the pathogens to perpetuate and multiply' is true. If men are four and one-half times more likely than women to commit suicide, then greenhouse emissions occur when fossil fuel is oxidized.
|
The idea that continuous culture allows the pathogens to perpetuate and multiply is true.
|
Storms move from west to east along the southern edge of the cold air.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Continuous culture allows the pathogens to perpetuate and multiply.', 1: 'Men are four and one-half times more likely than women to commit suicide.', 2: 'Greenhouse emissions occur when fossil fuel is oxidized.'}
| 1 |
523 |
['At least one of two things is true: flash flooding is the top weather-related killer, ahead of earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes, or gray squirrels thrive in habitats.', 'On the condition that flash flooding is the top weather-related killer, ahead of earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes, it is definitely the case that some nematodes possess stylets.', 'When gray squirrels thrive in habitats is true, it follows that some nematodes possess stylets.']
|
At least one of two things is true: flash flooding is the top weather-related killer, ahead of earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes, or gray squirrels thrive in habitats. On the condition that flash flooding is the top weather-related killer, ahead of earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes, it is definitely the case that some nematodes possess stylets. When gray squirrels thrive in habitats is true, it follows that some nematodes possess stylets.
|
We can assume that some nematodes possess stylets.
|
Most nematodes are dioecious, but some are monoecious and a few parthenogenetic forms are known.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some nematodes possess stylets.', 1: 'Flash flooding is the top weather-related killer, ahead of earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes.', 2: 'Gray squirrels thrive in habitats.'}
| 1 |
255 |
['It is a fact that either if drizzle has (part) snow mist, then unsubsidized loans require a student to make quarterly interest payments while attending college or astronomy is a science, and has been for thousands of years.', "Whenever it is true that if drizzle has (part) snow mist, then unsubsidized loans require a student to make quarterly interest payments while attending college, 'some plants grow at museums' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if astronomy is a science, and has been for thousands of years, then some plants grow at museums.']
|
It is a fact that either if drizzle has (part) snow mist, then unsubsidized loans require a student to make quarterly interest payments while attending college or astronomy is a science, and has been for thousands of years. Whenever it is true that if drizzle has (part) snow mist, then unsubsidized loans require a student to make quarterly interest payments while attending college, 'some plants grow at museums' is true. One may reasonably assume that if astronomy is a science, and has been for thousands of years, then some plants grow at museums.
|
The claim that some plants grow at museums is true.
|
The claim that some plants grow at museums is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some plants grow at museums.', 1: 'Drizzle has (part) snow mist.', 2: 'Unsubsidized loans require a student to make quarterly interest payments while attending college.', 3: 'Astronomy is a science, and has been for thousands of years.'}
| 1 |
385 |
["Assuming the statement that 'transients feed primarily on marine mammals' is incorrect, we know that tigers mostly hunt wild boar, steer, deer, and often porcupines.", "Provided that the statement that 'transients feed primarily on marine mammals' is incorrect, we know that the notion that 'tigers mostly hunt wild boar, steer, deer, and often porcupines' is untrue."]
|
Assuming the statement that 'transients feed primarily on marine mammals' is incorrect, we know that tigers mostly hunt wild boar, steer, deer, and often porcupines. Provided that the statement that 'transients feed primarily on marine mammals' is incorrect, we know that the notion that 'tigers mostly hunt wild boar, steer, deer, and often porcupines' is untrue.
|
We can assume that transients feed primarily on marine mammals.
|
We can assume that transients feed primarily on marine mammals.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Transients feed primarily on marine mammals.', 1: 'Tigers mostly hunt wild boar, steer, deer, and often porcupines.'}
| 1 |
545 |
['We know that either vision is the highest order product of the brain, dependent on the precise teaming of both eyes or libraries are about information.', 'We know that the claim that vision is the highest order product of the brain, dependent on the precise teaming of both eyes is false.']
|
We know that either vision is the highest order product of the brain, dependent on the precise teaming of both eyes or libraries are about information. We know that the claim that vision is the highest order product of the brain, dependent on the precise teaming of both eyes is false.
|
It is the case that libraries are about information.
|
The notion that 'libraries are about information' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Libraries are about information.', 1: 'Vision is the highest order product of the brain, dependent on the precise teaming of both eyes.'}
| 1 |
382 |
['Given that the claim that tubular flowers have unpleasant odor is false, it can be inferred that basins refer to a specific water catchment area.', 'It is not true that basins refer to a specific water catchment area.']
|
Given that the claim that tubular flowers have unpleasant odor is false, it can be inferred that basins refer to a specific water catchment area. It is not true that basins refer to a specific water catchment area.
|
It is reasonable to believe that tubular flowers have unpleasant odor.
|
The claim that tubular flowers have unpleasant odor does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Tubular flowers have unpleasant odor.', 1: 'Basins refer to a specific water catchment area.'}
| 1 |
489 |
['It is rational to believe that either either autumn is a season of transistion as the warm summer days fade giving way to cooler weather or kitchens are rooms or true competition is between options, companies, or schemes that are different.', 'Should it be the case that either autumn is a season of transistion as the warm summer days fade giving way to cooler weather or kitchens are rooms, it follows that sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls.', 'One may reasonably assume that if true competition is between options, companies, or schemes that are different, then sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either autumn is a season of transistion as the warm summer days fade giving way to cooler weather or kitchens are rooms or true competition is between options, companies, or schemes that are different. Should it be the case that either autumn is a season of transistion as the warm summer days fade giving way to cooler weather or kitchens are rooms, it follows that sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls. One may reasonably assume that if true competition is between options, companies, or schemes that are different, then sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls.
|
We can assume that sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls.
|
We can assume that sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Sound waves reflect off of large objects, like sound walls.', 1: 'Autumn is a season of transistion as the warm summer days fade giving way to cooler weather.', 2: 'Kitchens are rooms.', 3: 'True competition is between options, companies, or schemes that are different.'}
| 1 |
513 |
['On the condition that industrial espionage is the secret collection of proprietary business information, it is definitely the case that acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips.']
|
On the condition that industrial espionage is the secret collection of proprietary business information, it is definitely the case that acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips. Some people mistakenly believe that acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that industrial espionage is the secret collection of proprietary business information.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that industrial espionage has a long and notorious history.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Industrial espionage is the secret collection of proprietary business information.', 1: 'Acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips.'}
| 1 |
780 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: bugs feed on fruit, or a performer is an entertainer.', 'The statement that states bugs feed on fruit is false.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: bugs feed on fruit, or a performer is an entertainer. The statement that states bugs feed on fruit is false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that a performer is an entertainer.
|
It is reasonable to believe that a performer is an entertainer.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A performer is an entertainer.', 1: 'Bugs feed on fruit.'}
| 1 |
904 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: arteriosclerosis is sclerosis, or growth hormones have positive impact.', 'On the condition that arteriosclerosis is sclerosis, it is definitely the case that if rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees, then some alligators escape from zoos.', 'Should it be the case that growth hormones have positive impact, it follows that if rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees, then some alligators escape from zoos.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: arteriosclerosis is sclerosis, or growth hormones have positive impact. On the condition that arteriosclerosis is sclerosis, it is definitely the case that if rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees, then some alligators escape from zoos. Should it be the case that growth hormones have positive impact, it follows that if rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees, then some alligators escape from zoos.
|
When rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees is true, it follows that some alligators escape from zoos.
|
When rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees is true, it follows that some alligators escape from zoos.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees.', 1: 'Some alligators escape from zoos.', 2: 'Arteriosclerosis is sclerosis.', 3: 'Growth hormones have positive impact.'}
| 1 |
122 |
['If wrought iron is a very special form of iron, then native bees nest in vernal pools and pollinate pool flowers.', 'wrought iron is a very special form of iron.']
|
If wrought iron is a very special form of iron, then native bees nest in vernal pools and pollinate pool flowers. wrought iron is a very special form of iron.
|
It is the case that native bees nest in vernal pools and pollinate pool flowers.
|
Native bees are important for pollinating native plants.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Native bees nest in vernal pools and pollinate pool flowers.', 1: 'Wrought iron is a very special form of iron.'}
| 1 |
946 |
["So long as spring soon bursts forth with butterflies and blooms, 'some diseases cause extinction' is true.", 'We can assume that spring soon bursts forth with butterflies and blooms.']
|
So long as spring soon bursts forth with butterflies and blooms, 'some diseases cause extinction' is true. We can assume that spring soon bursts forth with butterflies and blooms.
|
The statement 'some diseases cause extinction' is true.
|
The statement that 'some diseases cause extinction' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some diseases cause extinction.', 1: 'Spring soon bursts forth with butterflies and blooms.'}
| 1 |
60 |
["Whenever it is true that velvet is located in voices, 'it is a common misconception that normal cells grow, divide and die in an orderly fashion' is true.", 'The claim that velvet is located in voices is true.']
|
Whenever it is true that velvet is located in voices, 'it is a common misconception that normal cells grow, divide and die in an orderly fashion' is true. The claim that velvet is located in voices is true.
|
It is a common misconception that normal cells grow, divide and die in an orderly fashion.
|
Those that suggest normal cells are capable of repairing damage to their DNA as a means of preventing mutation are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Normal cells grow, divide and die in an orderly fashion.', 1: 'Velvet is located in voices.'}
| 1 |
844 |
['If either hippos have teeth or fungicides help manage stalk rot indirectly through their use to treat foliar diseases, then the claim that marriage is a basic building block of society and culture does not reflect reality.', 'There is good reason to believe that either hippos have teeth or fungicides help manage stalk rot indirectly through their use to treat foliar diseases.']
|
If either hippos have teeth or fungicides help manage stalk rot indirectly through their use to treat foliar diseases, then the claim that marriage is a basic building block of society and culture does not reflect reality. There is good reason to believe that either hippos have teeth or fungicides help manage stalk rot indirectly through their use to treat foliar diseases.
|
The claim that marriage is a basic building block of society and culture does not reflect reality.
|
The statement, marriage is the leading cause of divorce in America, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Marriage is a basic building block of society and culture.', 1: 'Hippos have teeth.', 2: 'Fungicides help manage stalk rot indirectly through their use to treat foliar diseases.'}
| 1 |
372 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: studies show that estrogen can increase bone mass, or runes are sort of a combination between phonetic alphabet and hieroglyphs.', 'The claim that studies show that estrogen can increase bone mass is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: studies show that estrogen can increase bone mass, or runes are sort of a combination between phonetic alphabet and hieroglyphs. The claim that studies show that estrogen can increase bone mass is false.
|
The statement that states runes are sort of a combination between phonetic alphabet and hieroglyphs is right.
|
The statement that states runes are sort of a combination between phonetic alphabet and hieroglyphs is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Runes are sort of a combination between phonetic alphabet and hieroglyphs.', 1: 'Studies show that estrogen can increase bone mass.'}
| 1 |
283 |
['At least one of two things is true: peace is another name for steadiness of the mind, or crops reduce genetic diversity.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that peace is another name for steadiness of the mind.']
|
At least one of two things is true: peace is another name for steadiness of the mind, or crops reduce genetic diversity. Some people mistakenly believe that peace is another name for steadiness of the mind.
|
It is reasonable to believe that crops reduce genetic diversity.
|
It is reasonable to believe that crops reduce genetic diversity.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Crops reduce genetic diversity.', 1: 'Peace is another name for steadiness of the mind.'}
| 1 |
939 |
["So long as laser pointer causes retinal injury with loss of vision, 'vital faith is a living, growing, changing, and renewing thing' is true.", 'It is true that laser pointer causes retinal injury with loss of vision.']
|
So long as laser pointer causes retinal injury with loss of vision, 'vital faith is a living, growing, changing, and renewing thing' is true. It is true that laser pointer causes retinal injury with loss of vision.
|
It is rational to agree that vital faith is a living, growing, changing, and renewing thing.
|
The claim that vital faith is a living, growing, changing, and renewing thing does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Vital faith is a living, growing, changing, and renewing thing.', 1: 'Laser pointer causes retinal injury with loss of vision.'}
| 1 |
608 |
['If if insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming, then rats have no gall bladder - digest fats differently Humans have a gall bladder, then some scientists study lizards.', 'Once we know insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming, we also know that rats have no gall bladder - digest fats differently Humans have a gall bladder.']
|
If if insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming, then rats have no gall bladder - digest fats differently Humans have a gall bladder, then some scientists study lizards. Once we know insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming, we also know that rats have no gall bladder - digest fats differently Humans have a gall bladder.
|
It is a simple truth that some scientists study lizards.
|
Scientists working in different fields define the ranges of wavelength differently.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some scientists study lizards.', 1: 'Insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming.', 2: 'Rats have no gall bladder - digest fats differently Humans have a gall bladder.'}
| 1 |
495 |
['Once we know the claim that bushbucks consume herbs does not correspond with reality, we also know that either mature trees tolerate flooding even by sea-water or tanning lotion tends to get applied unevenly to areas such as elbows, ankles, and knees.', "The statement 'either mature trees tolerate flooding even by sea-water or tanning lotion tends to get applied unevenly to areas such as elbows, ankles, and knees' can be considered false."]
|
Once we know the claim that bushbucks consume herbs does not correspond with reality, we also know that either mature trees tolerate flooding even by sea-water or tanning lotion tends to get applied unevenly to areas such as elbows, ankles, and knees. The statement 'either mature trees tolerate flooding even by sea-water or tanning lotion tends to get applied unevenly to areas such as elbows, ankles, and knees' can be considered false.
|
We can assume that bushbucks consume herbs.
|
The statement, bushbucks consume herbs, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Bushbucks consume herbs.', 1: 'Mature trees tolerate flooding even by sea-water.', 2: 'Tanning lotion tends to get applied unevenly to areas such as elbows, ankles, and knees.'}
| 1 |
630 |
['We know that either pharmaceuticals are also a global industry or if today there are few proponents of the freedom of association, then foxes also breed here and cubs can sometimes be spotted playing early on summer mornings.', "So long as pharmaceuticals are also a global industry, 'if cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity, then neurons are cells specialized for communication' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if if today there are few proponents of the freedom of association, then foxes also breed here and cubs can sometimes be spotted playing early on summer mornings, then if cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity, then neurons are cells specialized for communication.']
|
We know that either pharmaceuticals are also a global industry or if today there are few proponents of the freedom of association, then foxes also breed here and cubs can sometimes be spotted playing early on summer mornings. So long as pharmaceuticals are also a global industry, 'if cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity, then neurons are cells specialized for communication' is true. One may reasonably assume that if if today there are few proponents of the freedom of association, then foxes also breed here and cubs can sometimes be spotted playing early on summer mornings, then if cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity, then neurons are cells specialized for communication.
|
Once we know cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity, we also know that neurons are cells specialized for communication.
|
Once we know cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity, we also know that neurons are cells specialized for communication.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Cold fronts tend to move the farthest while maintaining their intensity.', 1: 'Neurons are cells specialized for communication.', 2: 'Pharmaceuticals are also a global industry.', 3: 'Today there are few proponents of the freedom of association.', 4: 'Foxes also breed here and cubs can sometimes be spotted playing early on summer mornings.'}
| 1 |
596 |
['Given that some nervous tissue has effects, it can be inferred that domestication is adjustment.', 'some nervous tissue has effects.']
|
Given that some nervous tissue has effects, it can be inferred that domestication is adjustment. some nervous tissue has effects.
|
The claim that domestication is adjustment is true.
|
Domestication is an evolutionary process under the influence of man.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Domestication is adjustment.', 1: 'Some nervous tissue has effects.'}
| 1 |
713 |
['Assuming polymers can be very resistant to chemicals, we know that lysis is the process of disrupting the wall of a cell.', "The statement 'polymers can be very resistant to chemicals' is true."]
|
Assuming polymers can be very resistant to chemicals, we know that lysis is the process of disrupting the wall of a cell. The statement 'polymers can be very resistant to chemicals' is true.
|
We can assume that lysis is the process of disrupting the wall of a cell.
|
We can assume that lysis is the process of disrupting the wall of a cell.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Lysis is the process of disrupting the wall of a cell.', 1: 'Polymers can be very resistant to chemicals.'}
| 1 |
753 |
['Provided that the statement that states weight loss is often common in the elderly is false, we know that some ground substances are part of shinbones.', "The statement that 'some ground substances are part of shinbones' is incorrect."]
|
Provided that the statement that states weight loss is often common in the elderly is false, we know that some ground substances are part of shinbones. The statement that 'some ground substances are part of shinbones' is incorrect.
|
It is reasonable to believe that weight loss is often common in the elderly.
|
It is reasonable to believe that weight loss is often common in the elderly.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Weight loss is often common in the elderly.', 1: 'Some ground substances are part of shinbones.'}
| 1 |
624 |
["So long as a pretzel is a cracker, 'either most scientists wear lab coats or interConnections find people for relationships, pen pals, employees or anything else' is true.", "The statement 'a pretzel is a cracker' is true."]
|
So long as a pretzel is a cracker, 'either most scientists wear lab coats or interConnections find people for relationships, pen pals, employees or anything else' is true. The statement 'a pretzel is a cracker' is true.
|
It is rational to believe that either most scientists wear lab coats or interConnections find people for relationships, pen pals, employees or anything else.
|
The claim that either most scientists wear lab coats or interConnections find people for relationships, pen pals, employees or anything else has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Most scientists wear lab coats.', 1: 'InterConnections find people for relationships, pen pals, employees or anything else.', 2: 'A pretzel is a cracker.'}
| 1 |
312 |
['When cyclobenzaprine is a drug used as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy for relief of spasm is true, it follows that sultans have (part) arms.', 'The claim that cyclobenzaprine is a drug used as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy for relief of spasm holds true.']
|
When cyclobenzaprine is a drug used as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy for relief of spasm is true, it follows that sultans have (part) arms. The claim that cyclobenzaprine is a drug used as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy for relief of spasm holds true.
|
It is the case that sultans have (part) arms.
|
It is the case that sultans have (part) arms.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Sultans have (part) arms.', 1: 'Cyclobenzaprine is a drug used as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy for relief of spasm.'}
| 1 |
8 |
['On the condition that if normal force is directly dependent upon the elastic modulus, then pity is misfortune, it is definitely the case that either copper is less available in alkaline soils, and in peat based soils and media or some crust consists of magnetites.', 'Assuming if normal force is directly dependent upon the elastic modulus, then pity is misfortune, we know that the claim that either copper is less available in alkaline soils, and in peat based soils and media or some crust consists of magnetites does not correspond with reality.']
|
On the condition that if normal force is directly dependent upon the elastic modulus, then pity is misfortune, it is definitely the case that either copper is less available in alkaline soils, and in peat based soils and media or some crust consists of magnetites. Assuming if normal force is directly dependent upon the elastic modulus, then pity is misfortune, we know that the claim that either copper is less available in alkaline soils, and in peat based soils and media or some crust consists of magnetites does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that if normal force is directly dependent upon the elastic modulus, then pity is misfortune is false.
|
It is a common misconception that normal forces are forces which act perpendicularly to surfaces.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Normal force is directly dependent upon the elastic modulus.', 1: 'Pity is misfortune.', 2: 'Copper is less available in alkaline soils, and in peat based soils and media.', 3: 'Some crust consists of magnetites.'}
| 1 |
529 |
['Either if barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies, then pantographs easily adapt to various heights of the overhead wires by partly folding or blood levels are an accurate reflection of body levels.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies, then pantographs easily adapt to various heights of the overhead wires by partly folding , then the claim that risue soils are on old dissected alluvial fans has no merit.', 'Once we know blood levels are an accurate reflection of body levels, we also know that the claim that risue soils are on old dissected alluvial fans has no merit.']
|
Either if barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies, then pantographs easily adapt to various heights of the overhead wires by partly folding or blood levels are an accurate reflection of body levels. One may reasonably assume that if if barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies, then pantographs easily adapt to various heights of the overhead wires by partly folding , then the claim that risue soils are on old dissected alluvial fans has no merit. Once we know blood levels are an accurate reflection of body levels, we also know that the claim that risue soils are on old dissected alluvial fans has no merit.
|
The claim that risue soils are on old dissected alluvial fans has no merit.
|
The notion that 'some hormones induce ovulation' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Risue soils are on old dissected alluvial fans.', 1: 'Barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies.', 2: 'Pantographs easily adapt to various heights of the overhead wires by partly folding .', 3: 'Blood levels are an accurate reflection of body levels.'}
| 1 |
876 |
['Assuming the claim that most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters does not correspond with reality, we know that digital cameras are hot for every age.', 'If the claim that most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters does not correspond with reality, then the statement, digital cameras are hot for every age, does not hold.']
|
Assuming the claim that most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters does not correspond with reality, we know that digital cameras are hot for every age. If the claim that most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters does not correspond with reality, then the statement, digital cameras are hot for every age, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters.
|
Reefs grow only near sea level, and they grow away from shore into the waves.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters.', 1: 'Digital cameras are hot for every age.'}
| 1 |
101 |
['Either iraqi law is based on Islamic law in special religious courts and civil law elsewhere or genius isa someone.', 'On the condition that iraqi law is based on Islamic law in special religious courts and civil law elsewhere, it is definitely the case that crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms.', 'Given that genius isa someone, it can be inferred that crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms.']
|
Either iraqi law is based on Islamic law in special religious courts and civil law elsewhere or genius isa someone. On the condition that iraqi law is based on Islamic law in special religious courts and civil law elsewhere, it is definitely the case that crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms. Given that genius isa someone, it can be inferred that crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms.
|
The statement that states crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms is right.
|
The statement that states crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms.', 1: 'Iraqi law is based on Islamic law in special religious courts and civil law elsewhere.', 2: 'Genius isa someone.'}
| 1 |
615 |
['When some nations consider states is true, it follows that sleep is a reason to live.', 'It is true that some nations consider states.']
|
When some nations consider states is true, it follows that sleep is a reason to live. It is true that some nations consider states.
|
The idea that sleep is a reason to live is true.
|
The idea that sleep is a reason to live is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Sleep is a reason to live.', 1: 'Some nations consider states.'}
| 1 |
520 |
['If either retinal detachment requires surgical treatment to reattach the retina to the back of the eye or whole numbers are also integers, then worms also feed on the decomposing remains of other animals.', 'Should it be the case that either retinal detachment requires surgical treatment to reattach the retina to the back of the eye or whole numbers are also integers, it follows that the statement that states worms also feed on the decomposing remains of other animals is false.']
|
If either retinal detachment requires surgical treatment to reattach the retina to the back of the eye or whole numbers are also integers, then worms also feed on the decomposing remains of other animals. Should it be the case that either retinal detachment requires surgical treatment to reattach the retina to the back of the eye or whole numbers are also integers, it follows that the statement that states worms also feed on the decomposing remains of other animals is false.
|
The statement that states either retinal detachment requires surgical treatment to reattach the retina to the back of the eye or whole numbers are also integers is false.
|
The claim that retinal detachment is an uncommon but dangerous side effect in susceptible individuals is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Retinal detachment requires surgical treatment to reattach the retina to the back of the eye.', 1: 'Whole numbers are also integers.', 2: 'Worms also feed on the decomposing remains of other animals.'}
| 1 |
249 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: either cookbooks offer recipes or most snakes has-part mouths, or some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity.', "The statement that 'either cookbooks offer recipes or most snakes has-part mouths' is incorrect."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: either cookbooks offer recipes or most snakes has-part mouths, or some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity. The statement that 'either cookbooks offer recipes or most snakes has-part mouths' is incorrect.
|
The statement 'some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity.', 1: 'Cookbooks offer recipes.', 2: 'Most snakes has-part mouths.'}
| 1 |
278 |
['Given that most squirrels hide in various places, it can be inferred that hyperthyroidism occurs in different species as the result of different mechanisms.', 'It is true that most squirrels hide in various places.']
|
Given that most squirrels hide in various places, it can be inferred that hyperthyroidism occurs in different species as the result of different mechanisms. It is true that most squirrels hide in various places.
|
The statement 'hyperthyroidism occurs in different species as the result of different mechanisms' is true.
|
The statement 'hyperthyroidism occurs in different species as the result of different mechanisms' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Hyperthyroidism occurs in different species as the result of different mechanisms.', 1: 'Most squirrels hide in various places.'}
| 1 |
424 |
['Assuming the claim that either persuasion is the goal of the written word, the spoken word, unspoken messages or honey is more frequently imported and sold as a foodstuff than as a pharmaceutical has no merit, we know that street signs are road signs.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either persuasion is the goal of the written word, the spoken word, unspoken messages or honey is more frequently imported and sold as a foodstuff than as a pharmaceutical has no merit, then some people mistakenly believe that street signs are road signs.']
|
Assuming the claim that either persuasion is the goal of the written word, the spoken word, unspoken messages or honey is more frequently imported and sold as a foodstuff than as a pharmaceutical has no merit, we know that street signs are road signs. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either persuasion is the goal of the written word, the spoken word, unspoken messages or honey is more frequently imported and sold as a foodstuff than as a pharmaceutical has no merit, then some people mistakenly believe that street signs are road signs.
|
At least one of two things is true: persuasion is the goal of the written word, the spoken word, unspoken messages, or honey is more frequently imported and sold as a foodstuff than as a pharmaceutical.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: persuasion is the concommitant of choice and the freedom to choose, or honey also acts as a disinfectant, killing bacteria that can infect wounds.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Persuasion is the goal of the written word, the spoken word, unspoken messages.', 1: 'Honey is more frequently imported and sold as a foodstuff than as a pharmaceutical.', 2: 'Street signs are road signs.'}
| 1 |
384 |
["One may reasonably assume that if chest pain can be sharp or dull, lasting from a few seconds to several hours, then the statement, impact cratering When comet or asteroid crashes into the planet's surface, it leaves a crater, does not hold.", "The statement 'chest pain can be sharp or dull, lasting from a few seconds to several hours' is true."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if chest pain can be sharp or dull, lasting from a few seconds to several hours, then the statement, impact cratering When comet or asteroid crashes into the planet's surface, it leaves a crater, does not hold. The statement 'chest pain can be sharp or dull, lasting from a few seconds to several hours' is true.
|
The statement, impact cratering When comet or asteroid crashes into the planet's surface, it leaves a crater, does not hold.
|
The statement, impact cratering When comet or asteroid crashes into the planet's surface, it leaves a crater, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: "Impact cratering When comet or asteroid crashes into the planet's surface, it leaves a crater.", 1: 'Chest pain can be sharp or dull, lasting from a few seconds to several hours.'}
| 1 |
395 |
['Once we know the claim that photosynthesis uses solar energy is false, we also know that either suicide is also a choice that the loved one made or camels eat dates, grass, wheat, and oats.', "The statement that 'either suicide is also a choice that the loved one made or camels eat dates, grass, wheat, and oats' is incorrect."]
|
Once we know the claim that photosynthesis uses solar energy is false, we also know that either suicide is also a choice that the loved one made or camels eat dates, grass, wheat, and oats. The statement that 'either suicide is also a choice that the loved one made or camels eat dates, grass, wheat, and oats' is incorrect.
|
photosynthesis uses solar energy.
|
Photosynthesis is divided in to two separate reactions known as the light and dark reactions.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Photosynthesis uses solar energy.', 1: 'Suicide is also a choice that the loved one made.', 2: 'Camels eat dates, grass, wheat, and oats.'}
| 1 |
54 |
['When the claim that if animals have experience, then electricity is self-generated and scarce does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that rings are located in parks.', "So long as the claim that if animals have experience, then electricity is self-generated and scarce does not correspond with reality, 'the notion that 'rings are located in parks' is untrue' is true."]
|
When the claim that if animals have experience, then electricity is self-generated and scarce does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that rings are located in parks. So long as the claim that if animals have experience, then electricity is self-generated and scarce does not correspond with reality, 'the notion that 'rings are located in parks' is untrue' is true.
|
Given that animals have experience, it can be inferred that electricity is self-generated and scarce.
|
When animals have experience is true, it follows that electricity is a wonderfully versatile form of energy.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Animals have experience.', 1: 'Electricity is self-generated and scarce.', 2: 'Rings are located in parks.'}
| 1 |
34 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: pEA is structurally and pharmacologically similar to catecholamines and amphetamine, or raccoons can cause considerable damage to garden and truck crops.', 'Should it be the case that pEA is structurally and pharmacologically similar to catecholamines and amphetamine, it follows that burdens affect health.', 'Once we know raccoons can cause considerable damage to garden and truck crops, we also know that burdens affect health.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: pEA is structurally and pharmacologically similar to catecholamines and amphetamine, or raccoons can cause considerable damage to garden and truck crops. Should it be the case that pEA is structurally and pharmacologically similar to catecholamines and amphetamine, it follows that burdens affect health. Once we know raccoons can cause considerable damage to garden and truck crops, we also know that burdens affect health.
|
It is a simple truth that burdens affect health.
|
Most burdens affect health.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Burdens affect health.', 1: 'PEA is structurally and pharmacologically similar to catecholamines and amphetamine.', 2: 'Raccoons can cause considerable damage to garden and truck crops.'}
| 1 |
271 |
["At least one of two things is true: many people think of the pelvis as the 'hip bone', because it is at the hip, or the statement, ease of use is the cardinal principle that drives mass market adoption of new technologies, does not hold.", "The claim that many people think of the pelvis as the 'hip bone', because it is at the hip has no merit."]
|
At least one of two things is true: many people think of the pelvis as the 'hip bone', because it is at the hip, or the statement, ease of use is the cardinal principle that drives mass market adoption of new technologies, does not hold. The claim that many people think of the pelvis as the 'hip bone', because it is at the hip has no merit.
|
The statement, ease of use is the cardinal principle that drives mass market adoption of new technologies, does not hold.
|
The statement, ease of use is the cardinal principle that drives mass market adoption of new technologies, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Ease of use is the cardinal principle that drives mass market adoption of new technologies.', 1: "Many people think of the pelvis as the 'hip bone', because it is at the hip."}
| 1 |
30 |
['We know that either most fetuses have toenails or if a quantisation is division, then aerosols are visible as haze when present in large quantities.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that most fetuses have toenails.']
|
We know that either most fetuses have toenails or if a quantisation is division, then aerosols are visible as haze when present in large quantities. Some people mistakenly believe that most fetuses have toenails.
|
Given that a quantisation is division, it can be inferred that aerosols are visible as haze when present in large quantities.
|
We know that the claim that if a quantisation is division, then aerosols are visible as haze when present in large quantities is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'A quantisation is division.', 1: 'Aerosols are visible as haze when present in large quantities.', 2: 'Most fetuses have toenails.'}
| 1 |
403 |
["Given that the statement that 'fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging' is incorrect, it can be inferred that steroids are compounds that have four rings fused together in a specific way.", "Assuming the statement that 'fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging' is incorrect, we know that we know that the claim that steroids are compounds that have four rings fused together in a specific way is false."]
|
Given that the statement that 'fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging' is incorrect, it can be inferred that steroids are compounds that have four rings fused together in a specific way. Assuming the statement that 'fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging' is incorrect, we know that we know that the claim that steroids are compounds that have four rings fused together in a specific way is false.
|
It is fair to say that fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging.
|
It is fair to say that fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fluid intelligence is important to psychologists as it relates to the study of aging.', 1: 'Steroids are compounds that have four rings fused together in a specific way.'}
| 1 |
757 |
['Given that if communication isa event, then aquaria contain natural sediments, it can be inferred that the statement, most humans change diets, does not hold.', 'Once we know communication isa event, we also know that aquaria contain natural sediments.']
|
Given that if communication isa event, then aquaria contain natural sediments, it can be inferred that the statement, most humans change diets, does not hold. Once we know communication isa event, we also know that aquaria contain natural sediments.
|
The statement, most humans change diets, does not hold.
|
It is a simple truth that most humans change diets.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most humans change diets.', 1: 'Communication isa event.', 2: 'Aquaria contain natural sediments.'}
| 1 |
975 |
["So long as heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat, 'most feathers have spots' is true.", 'Given that heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that most feathers have spots.']
|
So long as heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat, 'most feathers have spots' is true. Given that heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that most feathers have spots.
|
The claim that heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat does not correspond with reality.
|
It is the case that heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Heat flows from a warmer to a cooler body, except in the case of a cat, all heat flows to the cat.', 1: 'Most feathers have spots.'}
| 1 |
990 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: an import duty is a tariff, or if some porcupines eat pear trees, then some radioactive wastes have long half-life .', 'It is not true that an import duty is a tariff.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: an import duty is a tariff, or if some porcupines eat pear trees, then some radioactive wastes have long half-life . It is not true that an import duty is a tariff.
|
One may reasonably assume that if some porcupines eat pear trees, then some radioactive wastes have long half-life .
|
It is a common misconception that if some porcupines eat pear trees, then some radioactive wastes have long half-life .
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some porcupines eat pear trees.', 1: 'Some radioactive wastes have long half-life .', 2: 'An import duty is a tariff.'}
| 1 |
457 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either students conduct investigations or cynicism can sometimes pass for serious political thought or a multistage is a period.', 'The claim that either students conduct investigations or cynicism can sometimes pass for serious political thought does not correspond with reality.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either students conduct investigations or cynicism can sometimes pass for serious political thought or a multistage is a period. The claim that either students conduct investigations or cynicism can sometimes pass for serious political thought does not correspond with reality.
|
We can assume that a multistage is a period.
|
The claim that a multistage is a period does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A multistage is a period.', 1: 'Students conduct investigations.', 2: 'Cynicism can sometimes pass for serious political thought.'}
| 1 |
362 |
["Whenever it is true that meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood, 'muscle is a much denser tissue than fat' is true.", 'Once we know meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood, we also know that it is a common misconception that muscle is a much denser tissue than fat.']
|
Whenever it is true that meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood, 'muscle is a much denser tissue than fat' is true. Once we know meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood, we also know that it is a common misconception that muscle is a much denser tissue than fat.
|
The statement that 'meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood.', 1: 'Muscle is a much denser tissue than fat.'}
| 1 |
860 |
['It is a fact that either pampas grass is a large bunchgrass from South America or gifted children are usually markedly different from their peers.', 'It is not the case that pampas grass is a large bunchgrass from South America.']
|
It is a fact that either pampas grass is a large bunchgrass from South America or gifted children are usually markedly different from their peers. It is not the case that pampas grass is a large bunchgrass from South America.
|
It is rational to agree that gifted children are usually markedly different from their peers.
|
It is rational to agree that gifted children are usually markedly different from their peers.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Gifted children are usually markedly different from their peers.', 1: 'Pampas grass is a large bunchgrass from South America.'}
| 1 |
483 |
['Either forgiveness is the antidote to defensiveness and inhibition or some lakes have nitrogen.', 'When forgiveness is the antidote to defensiveness and inhibition is true, it follows that dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate.', 'Assuming some lakes have nitrogen, we know that dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate.']
|
Either forgiveness is the antidote to defensiveness and inhibition or some lakes have nitrogen. When forgiveness is the antidote to defensiveness and inhibition is true, it follows that dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate. Assuming some lakes have nitrogen, we know that dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate.
|
The claim that dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate is true.
|
The claim that dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Dune grasses keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate.', 1: 'Forgiveness is the antidote to defensiveness and inhibition.', 2: 'Some lakes have nitrogen.'}
| 1 |
580 |
['At least one of two things is true: most people begin smoking before the age of sixteen, or either birds pick up worms or vegetation is controlled and manipulated by burning, discing, farming or mowing.', 'Once we know most people begin smoking before the age of sixteen, we also know that sags can cause computers and other sensitive equipment to malfunction or simply shut off.', 'When either birds pick up worms or vegetation is controlled and manipulated by burning, discing, farming or mowing is true, it follows that sags can cause computers and other sensitive equipment to malfunction or simply shut off.']
|
At least one of two things is true: most people begin smoking before the age of sixteen, or either birds pick up worms or vegetation is controlled and manipulated by burning, discing, farming or mowing. Once we know most people begin smoking before the age of sixteen, we also know that sags can cause computers and other sensitive equipment to malfunction or simply shut off. When either birds pick up worms or vegetation is controlled and manipulated by burning, discing, farming or mowing is true, it follows that sags can cause computers and other sensitive equipment to malfunction or simply shut off.
|
Many people rightly believe that sags can cause computers and other sensitive equipment to malfunction or simply shut off.
|
A sag is an imprint.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Sags can cause computers and other sensitive equipment to malfunction or simply shut off.', 1: 'Most people begin smoking before the age of sixteen.', 2: 'Birds pick up worms.', 3: 'Vegetation is controlled and manipulated by burning, discing, farming or mowing.'}
| 1 |
986 |
['If roots can receive water and nutritive elements, then a vitiligo is skin disorder.', 'It is rational to agree that roots can receive water and nutritive elements.']
|
If roots can receive water and nutritive elements, then a vitiligo is skin disorder. It is rational to agree that roots can receive water and nutritive elements.
|
a vitiligo is skin disorder.
|
The notion that 'a vitiligo is skin disorder' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A vitiligo is skin disorder.', 1: 'Roots can receive water and nutritive elements.'}
| 1 |
688 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that identical twins raise in different environments does not correspond with reality, it follows that either hermit crabs have two breathing ways or tenrecs eat worms.', 'Given that the claim that identical twins raise in different environments does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that either hermit crabs have two breathing ways or tenrecs eat worms.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that identical twins raise in different environments does not correspond with reality, it follows that either hermit crabs have two breathing ways or tenrecs eat worms. Given that the claim that identical twins raise in different environments does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that either hermit crabs have two breathing ways or tenrecs eat worms.
|
It is a simple truth that identical twins raise in different environments.
|
The statement 'identical twins raise in different environments' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Identical twins raise in different environments.', 1: 'Hermit crabs have two breathing ways.', 2: 'Tenrecs eat worms.'}
| 1 |
864 |
['On the condition that the claim that either all leaves have microscopic openings, called stomata or infested fruit develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that probability distributions describe how often a particular stress error or fluid problem occurs.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either all leaves have microscopic openings, called stomata or infested fruit develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles does not reflect reality, then the statement, probability distributions describe how often a particular stress error or fluid problem occurs, does not hold.']
|
On the condition that the claim that either all leaves have microscopic openings, called stomata or infested fruit develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that probability distributions describe how often a particular stress error or fluid problem occurs. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either all leaves have microscopic openings, called stomata or infested fruit develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles does not reflect reality, then the statement, probability distributions describe how often a particular stress error or fluid problem occurs, does not hold.
|
It is rational to believe that either all leaves have microscopic openings, called stomata or infested fruit develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles.
|
At least one of two things is true: most leaves grow buds, or infested fruit tends to ripen a few days earlier than uninfested fruit.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'All leaves have microscopic openings, called stomata.', 1: 'Infested fruit develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles.', 2: 'Probability distributions describe how often a particular stress error or fluid problem occurs.'}
| 1 |
927 |
["Whenever it is true that the claim that fractal robots use electricity for power to move and to communicate between themselves does not reflect reality, 'if dinoflagellates are another group of golden-brown algae that also have flagella, then fishing can involve drinks' is true.", 'Should it be the case that the claim that fractal robots use electricity for power to move and to communicate between themselves does not reflect reality, it follows that the claim that if dinoflagellates are another group of golden-brown algae that also have flagella, then fishing can involve drinks does not reflect reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that the claim that fractal robots use electricity for power to move and to communicate between themselves does not reflect reality, 'if dinoflagellates are another group of golden-brown algae that also have flagella, then fishing can involve drinks' is true. Should it be the case that the claim that fractal robots use electricity for power to move and to communicate between themselves does not reflect reality, it follows that the claim that if dinoflagellates are another group of golden-brown algae that also have flagella, then fishing can involve drinks does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'fractal robots use electricity for power to move and to communicate between themselves' can be considered true.
|
Fractal robots make the entire process safer by automating the tasks and reducing human error.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fractal robots use electricity for power to move and to communicate between themselves.', 1: 'Dinoflagellates are another group of golden-brown algae that also have flagella.', 2: 'Fishing can involve drinks.'}
| 1 |
378 |
['Either cranberries are also a major crop or if shamanism is synonymous with the intake of powerful hallucinogenic substances, then enzymes have performance.', 'If cranberries are also a major crop, then if many amphibians have poison glands, then suicides account for one in ten premature deaths.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if shamanism is synonymous with the intake of powerful hallucinogenic substances, then enzymes have performance, then if many amphibians have poison glands, then suicides account for one in ten premature deaths.']
|
Either cranberries are also a major crop or if shamanism is synonymous with the intake of powerful hallucinogenic substances, then enzymes have performance. If cranberries are also a major crop, then if many amphibians have poison glands, then suicides account for one in ten premature deaths. One may reasonably assume that if if shamanism is synonymous with the intake of powerful hallucinogenic substances, then enzymes have performance, then if many amphibians have poison glands, then suicides account for one in ten premature deaths.
|
Once we know many amphibians have poison glands, we also know that suicides account for one in ten premature deaths.
|
On the condition that many amphibians have poison glands, it is definitely the case that suicide is a major and outstanding risk of major depression.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Many amphibians have poison glands.', 1: 'Suicides account for one in ten premature deaths.', 2: 'Cranberries are also a major crop.', 3: 'Shamanism is synonymous with the intake of powerful hallucinogenic substances.', 4: 'Enzymes have performance.'}
| 1 |
320 |
['Provided that tents are made of materials, we know that vision is one of our most precious senses.', 'The statement that states vision is one of our most precious senses is false.']
|
Provided that tents are made of materials, we know that vision is one of our most precious senses. The statement that states vision is one of our most precious senses is false.
|
The claim that tents are made of materials has no merit.
|
The statement, tents have (part) guy ropes, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Tents are made of materials.', 1: 'Vision is one of our most precious senses.'}
| 1 |
942 |
['We know that either capacitance also implies an associated storage of electrical energy or police dogs are located in roadblock.', 'One may reasonably assume that if capacitance also implies an associated storage of electrical energy, then horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life.', "Whenever it is true that police dogs are located in roadblock, 'horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life' is true."]
|
We know that either capacitance also implies an associated storage of electrical energy or police dogs are located in roadblock. One may reasonably assume that if capacitance also implies an associated storage of electrical energy, then horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life. Whenever it is true that police dogs are located in roadblock, 'horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life' is true.
|
The statement that states horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life is right.
|
The statement 'horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Horticulturists work in a world where deadlines are a routine fact of life.', 1: 'Capacitance also implies an associated storage of electrical energy.', 2: 'Police dogs are located in roadblock.'}
| 1 |
351 |
["Whenever it is true that it is not true that states regulate insurance prices and providers pay agents for distribution, 'glycolysis is a biological process' is true.", 'The statement that states glycolysis is a biological process is false.']
|
Whenever it is true that it is not true that states regulate insurance prices and providers pay agents for distribution, 'glycolysis is a biological process' is true. The statement that states glycolysis is a biological process is false.
|
The claim that states regulate insurance prices and providers pay agents for distribution is true.
|
The claim that states regulate insurance prices and providers pay agents for distribution is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'States regulate insurance prices and providers pay agents for distribution.', 1: 'Glycolysis is a biological process.'}
| 1 |
418 |
['Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that music is a large part of society and peoples cultures, it follows that horizons have features.', "The notion that 'horizons have features' is untrue."]
|
Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that music is a large part of society and peoples cultures, it follows that horizons have features. The notion that 'horizons have features' is untrue.
|
We can assume that music is a large part of society and peoples cultures.
|
Music is fundamental to a child's learning experience.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Music is a large part of society and peoples cultures.', 1: 'Horizons have features.'}
| 1 |
945 |
['There is good reason to believe that either most snails develop ability or mechanical devices are mechanisms.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that most snails develop ability.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either most snails develop ability or mechanical devices are mechanisms. Some people mistakenly believe that most snails develop ability.
|
mechanical devices are mechanisms.
|
Mechanical devices are mechanisms.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Mechanical devices are mechanisms.', 1: 'Most snails develop ability.'}
| 1 |
795 |
['Provided that either inns have (part) bases or electric stoves retain heat longer than gas stoves after use, we know that those that suggest freedom of expression is part of basic human rights and extends beyond political boundaries are wrong.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: inns have (part) bases, or electric stoves retain heat longer than gas stoves after use.']
|
Provided that either inns have (part) bases or electric stoves retain heat longer than gas stoves after use, we know that those that suggest freedom of expression is part of basic human rights and extends beyond political boundaries are wrong. We know that at least one of two things is true: inns have (part) bases, or electric stoves retain heat longer than gas stoves after use.
|
Those that suggest freedom of expression is part of basic human rights and extends beyond political boundaries are wrong.
|
The statement that 'freedom of expression is expressly a limit on government power at all levels' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Freedom of expression is part of basic human rights and extends beyond political boundaries.', 1: 'Inns have (part) bases.', 2: 'Electric stoves retain heat longer than gas stoves after use.'}
| 1 |
145 |
["So long as the claim that some particles emit radiation is false, 'dogs learn through their mouths' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that some particles emit radiation is false, 'it is a common misconception that dogs learn through their mouths' is true."]
|
So long as the claim that some particles emit radiation is false, 'dogs learn through their mouths' is true. Whenever it is true that the claim that some particles emit radiation is false, 'it is a common misconception that dogs learn through their mouths' is true.
|
It is the case that some particles emit radiation.
|
The claim that some particles emit radiation has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some particles emit radiation.', 1: 'Dogs learn through their mouths.'}
| 1 |
826 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: most nutrients find in whole food, or the claim that chemical isa stuff is false.', "The statement that 'most nutrients find in whole food' is incorrect."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: most nutrients find in whole food, or the claim that chemical isa stuff is false. The statement that 'most nutrients find in whole food' is incorrect.
|
The claim that chemical isa stuff is false.
|
The claim that chemical isa stuff is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Chemical isa stuff.', 1: 'Most nutrients find in whole food.'}
| 1 |
492 |
['On the condition that the claim that some fluid is secreted by livers does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that scaffolds perform functions.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that some fluid is secreted by livers does not reflect reality, it follows that it is not the case that scaffolds perform functions.']
|
On the condition that the claim that some fluid is secreted by livers does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that scaffolds perform functions. Should it be the case that the claim that some fluid is secreted by livers does not reflect reality, it follows that it is not the case that scaffolds perform functions.
|
Many people rightly believe that some fluid is secreted by livers.
|
Many people rightly believe that some fluid is secreted by livers.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some fluid is secreted by livers.', 1: 'Scaffolds perform functions.'}
| 1 |
751 |
['Assuming either some archegoniums have hollow tubes or max isa drug, we know that it is a common misconception that centripetal acceleration acts to hold the motorcycle up and carry it through the turn.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: some archegoniums have hollow tubes, or max isa drug.']
|
Assuming either some archegoniums have hollow tubes or max isa drug, we know that it is a common misconception that centripetal acceleration acts to hold the motorcycle up and carry it through the turn. Either one or both of these statements are true: some archegoniums have hollow tubes, or max isa drug.
|
It is a common misconception that centripetal acceleration acts to hold the motorcycle up and carry it through the turn.
|
It is a common misconception that centripetal acceleration acts to hold the motorcycle up and carry it through the turn.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Centripetal acceleration acts to hold the motorcycle up and carry it through the turn.', 1: 'Some archegoniums have hollow tubes.', 2: 'Max isa drug.'}
| 1 |
240 |
["So long as oxide contributes to breakdowns, 'if most crimson clover provides nitrogen, then sugar is no more a problem to diabetes control than other forms of carbohydrate' is true.", 'When oxide contributes to breakdowns is true, it follows that it is not true that if most crimson clover provides nitrogen, then sugar is no more a problem to diabetes control than other forms of carbohydrate.']
|
So long as oxide contributes to breakdowns, 'if most crimson clover provides nitrogen, then sugar is no more a problem to diabetes control than other forms of carbohydrate' is true. When oxide contributes to breakdowns is true, it follows that it is not true that if most crimson clover provides nitrogen, then sugar is no more a problem to diabetes control than other forms of carbohydrate.
|
The statement 'oxide contributes to breakdowns' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'oxide contributes to breakdowns' can be considered false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Oxide contributes to breakdowns.', 1: 'Most crimson clover provides nitrogen.', 2: 'Sugar is no more a problem to diabetes control than other forms of carbohydrate.'}
| 1 |
648 |
['Should it be the case that if transpersonal experiences have a very special position in the cartography of the human psyche, then a validation is a finding, it follows that either alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra or caffeinated beverages have a diuretic effect on the body, causing fluid loss.', 'It is a common misconception that either alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra or caffeinated beverages have a diuretic effect on the body, causing fluid loss.']
|
Should it be the case that if transpersonal experiences have a very special position in the cartography of the human psyche, then a validation is a finding, it follows that either alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra or caffeinated beverages have a diuretic effect on the body, causing fluid loss. It is a common misconception that either alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra or caffeinated beverages have a diuretic effect on the body, causing fluid loss.
|
We know that the claim that if transpersonal experiences have a very special position in the cartography of the human psyche, then a validation is a finding is false.
|
We know that the claim that if transpersonal experiences have a very special position in the cartography of the human psyche, then a validation is a finding is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Transpersonal experiences have a very special position in the cartography of the human psyche.', 1: 'A validation is a finding.', 2: 'Alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra .', 3: 'Caffeinated beverages have a diuretic effect on the body, causing fluid loss.'}
| 1 |
886 |
["So long as some horseflies require blood, 'all fish show sleep-like activity at some point during the day or night' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that some horseflies require blood.']
|
So long as some horseflies require blood, 'all fish show sleep-like activity at some point during the day or night' is true. Many people rightly believe that some horseflies require blood.
|
It is a simple truth that all fish show sleep-like activity at some point during the day or night.
|
The notion that 'all fish show sleep-like activity at some point during the day or night' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'All fish show sleep-like activity at some point during the day or night.', 1: 'Some horseflies require blood.'}
| 1 |
144 |
['On the condition that either light has soften effects or cells are the basic unit of all living things, it is definitely the case that the claim that either england has (part) Lancashire or fire is a common occurrence in connection with an explosive detonation does not reflect reality.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: light has soften effects, or cells are the basic unit of all living things.']
|
On the condition that either light has soften effects or cells are the basic unit of all living things, it is definitely the case that the claim that either england has (part) Lancashire or fire is a common occurrence in connection with an explosive detonation does not reflect reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: light has soften effects, or cells are the basic unit of all living things.
|
The claim that either england has (part) Lancashire or fire is a common occurrence in connection with an explosive detonation does not reflect reality.
|
At least one of two things is true: england has (part) Lancashire, or fire is a common occurrence in connection with an explosive detonation.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'England has (part) Lancashire.', 1: 'Fire is a common occurrence in connection with an explosive detonation.', 2: 'Light has soften effects.', 3: 'Cells are the basic unit of all living things.'}
| 1 |
767 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: some waterproof materials result in collect condensation, or if yoga is a good type of exercise for people with asthma, then foxgloves have (part) corpi.', 'Those that suggest some waterproof materials result in collect condensation are wrong.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: some waterproof materials result in collect condensation, or if yoga is a good type of exercise for people with asthma, then foxgloves have (part) corpi. Those that suggest some waterproof materials result in collect condensation are wrong.
|
Given that yoga is a good type of exercise for people with asthma, it can be inferred that foxgloves have (part) corpi.
|
Given that yoga is a good type of exercise for people with asthma, it can be inferred that foxgloves have (part) corpi.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Yoga is a good type of exercise for people with asthma.', 1: 'Foxgloves have (part) corpi.', 2: 'Some waterproof materials result in collect condensation.'}
| 1 |
999 |
['Assuming the claim that most homes suffer from various contaminants such as dust, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander does not correspond with reality, we know that some perennial shrubs produce flowers.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that most homes suffer from various contaminants such as dust, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander does not correspond with reality, 'the claim that some perennial shrubs produce flowers has no merit' is true."]
|
Assuming the claim that most homes suffer from various contaminants such as dust, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander does not correspond with reality, we know that some perennial shrubs produce flowers. Whenever it is true that the claim that most homes suffer from various contaminants such as dust, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander does not correspond with reality, 'the claim that some perennial shrubs produce flowers has no merit' is true.
|
It is a simple truth that most homes suffer from various contaminants such as dust, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander.
|
Homes feature metal frame construction.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most homes suffer from various contaminants such as dust, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander.', 1: 'Some perennial shrubs produce flowers.'}
| 1 |
467 |
['One may reasonably assume that if bounties are ships, then princesses are magazines.', 'On the condition that princesses are magazines, it is definitely the case that some engines contain gases.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if bounties are ships, then princesses are magazines. On the condition that princesses are magazines, it is definitely the case that some engines contain gases.
|
When bounties are ships is true, it follows that some engines contain gases.
|
When bounties are ships is true, it follows that some engines contain gases.
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Bounties are ships.', 1: 'Some engines contain gases.', 2: 'Princesses are magazines.'}
| 1 |
315 |
['Once we know it is not the case that brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry , we also know that credit unions do pay taxes - payroll taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes.', "So long as it is not the case that brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry , 'the claim that credit unions do pay taxes - payroll taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes has no merit' is true."]
|
Once we know it is not the case that brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry , we also know that credit unions do pay taxes - payroll taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes. So long as it is not the case that brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry , 'the claim that credit unions do pay taxes - payroll taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes has no merit' is true.
|
The statement 'brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry ' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry ' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry .', 1: 'Credit unions do pay taxes - payroll taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes.'}
| 1 |
989 |
['Assuming the claim that mosquitoes have easy access to anyone s home has no merit, we know that most caterpillars feed on grass.', "The notion that 'most caterpillars feed on grass' is untrue."]
|
Assuming the claim that mosquitoes have easy access to anyone s home has no merit, we know that most caterpillars feed on grass. The notion that 'most caterpillars feed on grass' is untrue.
|
We can assume that mosquitoes have easy access to anyone s home.
|
We know that the claim that mosquitoes have easy access to anyone s home is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Mosquitoes have easy access to anyone s home.', 1: 'Most caterpillars feed on grass.'}
| 1 |
922 |
['We know that either either some small rodents eat truffles or botanical extracts help soothe the horse or a telluride is a compound.', "The statement 'either some small rodents eat truffles or botanical extracts help soothe the horse' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either either some small rodents eat truffles or botanical extracts help soothe the horse or a telluride is a compound. The statement 'either some small rodents eat truffles or botanical extracts help soothe the horse' can be considered false.
|
It is fair to say that a telluride is a compound.
|
Telluride often needs lots of snow.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A telluride is a compound.', 1: 'Some small rodents eat truffles.', 2: 'Botanical extracts help soothe the horse.'}
| 1 |
717 |
['Either most roots arise from seeds or room temperature affects the potential steam temperature.', 'If most roots arise from seeds, then the claim that foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it has no merit.', 'Should it be the case that room temperature affects the potential steam temperature, it follows that the claim that foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it has no merit.']
|
Either most roots arise from seeds or room temperature affects the potential steam temperature. If most roots arise from seeds, then the claim that foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it has no merit. Should it be the case that room temperature affects the potential steam temperature, it follows that the claim that foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it has no merit.
|
The claim that foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it has no merit.
|
It is the case that foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Foxes hide their uneaten food by burying it.', 1: 'Most roots arise from seeds.', 2: 'Room temperature affects the potential steam temperature.'}
| 1 |
458 |
["Should it be the case that the notion that 'most control weeds compete with plants' is untrue, it follows that ecology comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house or place to live.", "Assuming the notion that 'most control weeds compete with plants' is untrue, we know that it is a common misconception that ecology comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house or place to live."]
|
Should it be the case that the notion that 'most control weeds compete with plants' is untrue, it follows that ecology comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house or place to live. Assuming the notion that 'most control weeds compete with plants' is untrue, we know that it is a common misconception that ecology comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house or place to live.
|
The statement 'most control weeds compete with plants' is true.
|
Control weeds compete with landscape plants.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most control weeds compete with plants.', 1: 'Ecology comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house or place to live.'}
| 1 |
773 |
['We know that either light is given by sunlight energy or dukes have (part) plasma membranes.', 'If light is given by sunlight energy, then some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship.', 'Should it be the case that dukes have (part) plasma membranes, it follows that some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship.']
|
We know that either light is given by sunlight energy or dukes have (part) plasma membranes. If light is given by sunlight energy, then some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship. Should it be the case that dukes have (part) plasma membranes, it follows that some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship.
|
It is the case that some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship.
|
Those that suggest some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some men have problems keeping erections at the beginning of a relationship.', 1: 'Light is given by sunlight energy.', 2: 'Dukes have (part) plasma membranes.'}
| 1 |
204 |
["Whenever it is true that the claim that farmers add compost has no merit, 'either stratospheric hazes are present at both latitudes or glazed carrots cook very well in a microwave' is true.", 'Assuming the claim that farmers add compost has no merit, we know that the claim that either stratospheric hazes are present at both latitudes or glazed carrots cook very well in a microwave is false.']
|
Whenever it is true that the claim that farmers add compost has no merit, 'either stratospheric hazes are present at both latitudes or glazed carrots cook very well in a microwave' is true. Assuming the claim that farmers add compost has no merit, we know that the claim that either stratospheric hazes are present at both latitudes or glazed carrots cook very well in a microwave is false.
|
The statement that states farmers add compost is right.
|
The statement that states farmers add compost is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Farmers add compost.', 1: 'Stratospheric hazes are present at both latitudes.', 2: 'Glazed carrots cook very well in a microwave.'}
| 1 |
834 |
['Given that some people mistakenly believe that european earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods, it can be inferred that sexual harassment is illegal under both state and federal law.', 'On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that european earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods, it is definitely the case that the claim that sexual harassment is illegal under both state and federal law has no merit.']
|
Given that some people mistakenly believe that european earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods, it can be inferred that sexual harassment is illegal under both state and federal law. On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that european earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods, it is definitely the case that the claim that sexual harassment is illegal under both state and federal law has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that european earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods.
|
We know that the claim that european earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'European earwigs exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods.', 1: 'Sexual harassment is illegal under both state and federal law.'}
| 1 |
832 |
['On the condition that contractions are the sign of labor everyone expects, it is definitely the case that biology covers the study of all the living beings and their interactions into the biosphere.', 'It is reasonable to believe that contractions are the sign of labor everyone expects.']
|
On the condition that contractions are the sign of labor everyone expects, it is definitely the case that biology covers the study of all the living beings and their interactions into the biosphere. It is reasonable to believe that contractions are the sign of labor everyone expects.
|
biology covers the study of all the living beings and their interactions into the biosphere.
|
The statement, biology covers the study of all the living beings and their interactions into the biosphere, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Biology covers the study of all the living beings and their interactions into the biosphere.', 1: 'Contractions are the sign of labor everyone expects.'}
| 1 |
435 |
['It is rational to believe that either a tall is size or mexican food is artifacts.', 'Provided that a tall is size, we know that birds visit gardens.', 'Provided that mexican food is artifacts, we know that birds visit gardens.']
|
It is rational to believe that either a tall is size or mexican food is artifacts. Provided that a tall is size, we know that birds visit gardens. Provided that mexican food is artifacts, we know that birds visit gardens.
|
It is reasonable to believe that birds visit gardens.
|
It is reasonable to believe that birds visit gardens.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Birds visit gardens.', 1: 'A tall is size.', 2: 'Mexican food is artifacts.'}
| 1 |
5 |
['Provided that the claim that biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children does not reflect reality, we know that if endorphins can help reduce pain, then a lacrosse player is a player.', 'Given that the claim that biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that the claim that if endorphins can help reduce pain, then a lacrosse player is a player has no merit.']
|
Provided that the claim that biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children does not reflect reality, we know that if endorphins can help reduce pain, then a lacrosse player is a player. Given that the claim that biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that the claim that if endorphins can help reduce pain, then a lacrosse player is a player has no merit.
|
It is reasonable to believe that biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children.
|
The statement, biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplant in children.', 1: 'Endorphins can help reduce pain.', 2: 'A lacrosse player is a player.'}
| 1 |
769 |
['Either plots have regeneration or the claim that either shamans do heal adventitious, mental and physical disturbances, though only at a gross level or vital essence is very damaging to the Kidneys, which holds our vital essence and genetic makeup does not reflect reality.', 'We know that the claim that plots have regeneration is false.']
|
Either plots have regeneration or the claim that either shamans do heal adventitious, mental and physical disturbances, though only at a gross level or vital essence is very damaging to the Kidneys, which holds our vital essence and genetic makeup does not reflect reality. We know that the claim that plots have regeneration is false.
|
The claim that either shamans do heal adventitious, mental and physical disturbances, though only at a gross level or vital essence is very damaging to the Kidneys, which holds our vital essence and genetic makeup does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that either shamans do heal adventitious, mental and physical disturbances, though only at a gross level or vital essence is very damaging to the Kidneys, which holds our vital essence and genetic makeup does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Shamans do heal adventitious, mental and physical disturbances, though only at a gross level.', 1: 'Vital essence is very damaging to the Kidneys, which holds our vital essence and genetic makeup.', 2: 'Plots have regeneration.'}
| 1 |
679 |
['Given that snakes are extremely rare, it can be inferred that understanding is the beginning of peace and of a peaceful future for all.', 'It is fair to say that snakes are extremely rare.']
|
Given that snakes are extremely rare, it can be inferred that understanding is the beginning of peace and of a peaceful future for all. It is fair to say that snakes are extremely rare.
|
It is the case that understanding is the beginning of peace and of a peaceful future for all.
|
The notion that 'understanding is the beginning of peace and of a peaceful future for all' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Understanding is the beginning of peace and of a peaceful future for all.', 1: 'Snakes are extremely rare.'}
| 1 |
722 |
['On the condition that plants grow in early springs, it is definitely the case that some herbs arise from rhizomes.', 'Assuming plants grow in early springs, we know that it is not the case that some herbs arise from rhizomes.']
|
On the condition that plants grow in early springs, it is definitely the case that some herbs arise from rhizomes. Assuming plants grow in early springs, we know that it is not the case that some herbs arise from rhizomes.
|
It is not true that plants grow in early springs.
|
It is rational to agree that plants grow in early springs.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Plants grow in early springs.', 1: 'Some herbs arise from rhizomes.'}
| 1 |
215 |
['We know that either evidence comes from sites or it is a common misconception that beagles do tend to play with their mouths and chew on things, though they almost never bite.', "The statement 'evidence comes from sites' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either evidence comes from sites or it is a common misconception that beagles do tend to play with their mouths and chew on things, though they almost never bite. The statement 'evidence comes from sites' can be considered false.
|
It is a common misconception that beagles do tend to play with their mouths and chew on things, though they almost never bite.
|
It is the case that beagles do tend to play with their mouths and chew on things, though they almost never bite.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Beagles do tend to play with their mouths and chew on things, though they almost never bite.', 1: 'Evidence comes from sites.'}
| 1 |
653 |
['It is a fact that either if loudness increases drastically with wind speed, then sex identifies the biological difference between men and women or those that suggest winter squashes are eaten as a vegetable, mashed or in purees, soups, or pies are wrong.', 'The claim that if loudness increases drastically with wind speed, then sex identifies the biological difference between men and women does not correspond with reality.']
|
It is a fact that either if loudness increases drastically with wind speed, then sex identifies the biological difference between men and women or those that suggest winter squashes are eaten as a vegetable, mashed or in purees, soups, or pies are wrong. The claim that if loudness increases drastically with wind speed, then sex identifies the biological difference between men and women does not correspond with reality.
|
Those that suggest winter squashes are eaten as a vegetable, mashed or in purees, soups, or pies are wrong.
|
The statement, winter squash includes types of pumpkins, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Winter squashes are eaten as a vegetable, mashed or in purees, soups, or pies.', 1: 'Loudness increases drastically with wind speed.', 2: 'Sex identifies the biological difference between men and women.'}
| 1 |
150 |
['Either statistical analysis is one of the primary tools of modern scientific reasoning or feline leukemia is a serious viral disease transmitted by exchange of bodily fluids between cats.', 'Assuming statistical analysis is one of the primary tools of modern scientific reasoning, we know that those that suggest rats can have several reasons for breathing problems are wrong.', 'Assuming feline leukemia is a serious viral disease transmitted by exchange of bodily fluids between cats, we know that those that suggest rats can have several reasons for breathing problems are wrong.']
|
Either statistical analysis is one of the primary tools of modern scientific reasoning or feline leukemia is a serious viral disease transmitted by exchange of bodily fluids between cats. Assuming statistical analysis is one of the primary tools of modern scientific reasoning, we know that those that suggest rats can have several reasons for breathing problems are wrong. Assuming feline leukemia is a serious viral disease transmitted by exchange of bodily fluids between cats, we know that those that suggest rats can have several reasons for breathing problems are wrong.
|
Those that suggest rats can have several reasons for breathing problems are wrong.
|
Those that suggest rats can have several reasons for breathing problems are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Rats can have several reasons for breathing problems.', 1: 'Statistical analysis is one of the primary tools of modern scientific reasoning.', 2: 'Feline leukemia is a serious viral disease transmitted by exchange of bodily fluids between cats.'}
| 1 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.