---
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:100000
- loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Believe that unfortunate events occur because of bad luck.
  sentences:
  - Had someone over for dinner.
  - Avoid difficult reading material.
  - Bought or picked flowers.
- source_sentence: Enjoy thinking about things.
  sentences:
  - Had the experience of being in a familiar place but finding it strange and unfamiliar.
  - Express childlike joy.
  - Do just enough work to get by.
- source_sentence: Sympathize with the homeless.
  sentences:
  - Want to be told I am right.
  - Act without thinking.
  - Had a poor appetite.
- source_sentence: Avoid philosophical discussions.
  sentences:
  - Start conversations.
  - Radiate joy.
  - Am on good terms with nearly everyone.
- source_sentence: Let others make the decisions.
  sentences:
  - Begin to panic when there is danger.
  - Believe there are many sides to most issues.
  - Must try to maintain harmony within my group.
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2) <!-- at revision 84f2bcc00d77236f9e89c8a360a00fb1139bf47d -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 384 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 384, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("milnico/Personality_Cross_Encoder")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Let others make the decisions.',
    'Begin to panic when there is danger.',
    'Must try to maintain harmony within my group.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 100,000 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                        | sentence2                                                                        | score                                                          |
  |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                           | string                                                                           | float                                                          |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.39 tokens</li><li>max: 25 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.77 tokens</li><li>max: 30 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.11</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                                         | sentence2                                        | score                     |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------|
  | <code>Don't worry about things that have already happened.</code> | <code>Dislike being complimented.</code>         | <code>0.0046042455</code> |
  | <code>Follow directions.</code>                                   | <code>Need things explained only once.</code>    | <code>0.1702887</code>    |
  | <code>Watched a television reality show.</code>                   | <code>Do more than what's expected of me.</code> | <code>0.12572353</code>   |
* Loss: [<code>CosineSimilarityLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosinesimilarityloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 10,000 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                        | sentence2                                                                        | score                                                          |
  |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                           | string                                                                           | float                                                          |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.43 tokens</li><li>max: 31 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.72 tokens</li><li>max: 31 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.11</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                | sentence2                                        | score                   |
  |:-----------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------|:------------------------|
  | <code>Feel short-changed in life.</code> | <code>Never spend more than I can afford.</code> | <code>0.13934776</code> |
  | <code>Enjoy the beauty of nature.</code> | <code>Do things that others find strange.</code> | <code>0.065138</code>   |
  | <code>Seldom get mad.</code>             | <code>Make a decision and move on.</code>        | <code>0.08558667</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CosineSimilarityLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosinesimilarityloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 64
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 64
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 64
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 64
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step  | Training Loss | loss   |
|:------:|:-----:|:-------------:|:------:|
| 0.6398 | 1000  | 0.0074        | 0.0050 |
| 1.2783 | 2000  | 0.0046        | 0.0042 |
| 1.9181 | 3000  | 0.0036        | 0.0038 |
| 2.5566 | 4000  | 0.0031        | 0.0036 |
| 3.1951 | 5000  | 0.0026        | 0.0035 |
| 3.8349 | 6000  | 0.0022        | 0.0035 |
| 4.4734 | 7000  | 0.0022        | 0.0034 |
| 5.1120 | 8000  | 0.0019        | 0.0034 |
| 5.7518 | 9000  | 0.0017        | 0.0033 |
| 6.3903 | 10000 | 0.0016        | 0.0033 |
| 7.0288 | 11000 | 0.0015        | 0.0033 |
| 7.6686 | 12000 | 0.0014        | 0.0032 |
| 8.3071 | 13000 | 0.0013        | 0.0032 |
| 8.9469 | 14000 | 0.0012        | 0.0031 |
| 9.5854 | 15000 | 0.0012        | 0.0031 |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.9.19
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.42.4
- PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.32.1
- Datasets: 2.20.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

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