--- language: - multilingual license: other license_name: kwaipilot-license license_link: LICENSE library_name: transformers ---
Stage | Key Techniques |
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1. Mid-Training | We observe that adding extensive training for tool-use capability, multi-turn interaction, and instruction-following at this stage may not yield large performance gains in the current results (e.g., on leaderboards like SWE-bench). However, since our experiments are based on the Qwen3-32B model, we find that enhancing these foundational capabilities will have a significant impact on the subsequent SFT and RL stages. This suggests that improving such core abilities can profoundly influence the model’s capacity to handle more complex tasks. |
2. SFT & RFT | We meticulously curated eight task types and eight programming scenarios during the SFT stage to ensure the model’s generalization and comprehensive capabilities. Moreover, before RL, we innovatively introduced an RFT stage. Compared with traditional RL, we incorporate “teacher trajectories” annotated by human engineers as guidance during training—much like a learner driver being assisted by an experienced co-driver before officially driving after getting a license. This step not only boosts model performance but also further stabilizes the subsequent RL training. |
3. Agentic RL Scaling | Scaling agentic RL hinges on three challenges: efficient learning over nonlinear trajectory histories, leveraging intrinsic model signals, and building scalable high-throughput infrastructure. We address these with a multi-level prefix caching mechanism in the RL training engine, an entropy-based trajectory pruning technique, and an inner implementation of SeamlessFlow[1] architecture that cleanly decouples agents from training while exploiting heterogeneous compute. These innovations together cut scaling costs and enable efficient large-scale RL. |